The Association between Daytime Napping Characteristics and Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Thai Women without Osteoporosis

Abstract

Low bone mass is more prevalent with increasing age. Studies have found associations between sleep duration, sleep quality and obstructive sleep apnea and bone mineral density (BMD). However, less is known about the relationship between daytime napping and BMD. We aimed to investigate the association between daytime napping and BMD in elderly Thai women. Demographic data, lifestyle information and sleep characteristics were obtained by interviewing 387 elderly women. Weight and height were measured. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured by radioimmunoassay. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Higher BMI and having type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were correlated with higher lumbar spine 2–4 (L2-4) BMD, while younger age, higher BMI and higher serum 25(OH)D level were correlated with higher femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH) BMD. After adjusting for age, age at menopause, BMI, 25(OH)D level and T2DM, a higher frequency of weekly daytime napping was associated with lower FN and TH BMD but not at L2-4 BMD. Additionally, longer daytime napping duration was negatively associated with BMD at TH. In summary higher frequency and longer duration of daytime napping are associated with lower femoral BMD in elderly women. Mechanisms underlying these associations should be further explored.