Abstract
Bayesian statistical inference with a case-crossover design was used to examine the effects of air pollutants {Particulate matter <10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3)} on mortality. We found that all air pollutants had significant short-term impacts on non-accidental mortality. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10, 10 ppb in O3, 1 ppb in SO2 were associated with a 0.40% (95% posterior interval (PI): 0.22, 0.59%), 0.78% (95% PI: 0.20, 1.35%) and 0.34% (95% PI: 0.17, 0.50%) increase of non-accidental mortality, respectively. O3 air pollution is significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality, while PM10 is significantly related to respiratory mortality. In general, the effects of all pollutants on all mortality types were higher in summer and winter than those in the rainy season. This study highlights the effects of exposure to air pollution on mortality risks in Thailand. Our findings support the Thailand government in aiming to reduce high levels of air pollution.
Highlights
Bayesian statistical inference with a case-crossover design was used to examine the effects of air pollutants {Particulate matter,10 mm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3)} on mortality
O3 air pollution is significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality, while PM10 is significantly related to respiratory mortality
Even in the rural areas, forest fires and agricultural burning have contributed to high levels of air pollution, which have increased to critical levels since 20061,4
Summary
Bayesian statistical inference with a case-crossover design was used to examine the effects of air pollutants {Particulate matter ,10 mm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3)} on mortality. A s Thailand transfers its economic growth from an agricultural to an industrial base[1], it faces increasing levels of air pollution which have been found in other countries to be associated with adverse health consequences. Particulate matter ,10 mm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) is the most important air pollutant in both urban and rural areas, the concentration of which is as high as or higher than those in North America and European countries[2]. Many studies worldwide have shown that short-term exposure to air pollution is associated with mortality and morbidity including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, exacerbation of chronic respiratory conditions, and decreased lung function[5,6,7,8,9]. We examined the association between daily air pollutants (PM10, O3, and sulphur dioxide (SO2)) and mortality (non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases) in 18 Thailand provinces (Figure 1).
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