Abstract
Background: Rates of early initiation of breastfeeding are low in Southeast Asia, despite evidence that increased initiation of early breastfeeding would lead to better long-term infant and child health and decrease inequities in long-term health and well-being. In response, a novel performance-based, baby-friendly hospital program designates hospitals that adhere to evidence-based early essential newborn care (EENC) and breastfeeding interventions as Centers of Excellence for Breastfeeding (COE). This study examined whether hospital participation in the program was associated with better breastfeeding outcomes. Methods: Hospitals (n = 28) were invited into the program in December 2018. Hospitals developed an improvement plan for promoting a breastfeeding-friendly environment and meeting the standards of the COE accreditation process and were enrolled on a rolling basis over the course of a year. Post-partum surveys were conducted with parents (n = 9585) from January 2019 through April 2020 to assess their breastfeeding and post-partum experience. Segmented regression models were used to assess how breastfeeding outcomes evolved before and after hospital enrollment in the COE program. Results: Enrollment was associated with a 6 percentage-point (95% CI: 3, 9) increase in the level of early initiation of breastfeeding, which continued to increase in the post-enrollment period, and a 5 percentage-point (95% CI: 2, 9) increase in the level of exclusive breastfeeding during hospital stay. We did not observe evidence that enrollment was immediately associated with receipt of lactation counseling or exclusive breastfeeding at survey time. Conclusion: The prevalence of early and exclusive breastfeeding increased after enrollment in the COE program, suggesting that the program has the potential to improve breastfeeding initiation rates and longer-term child health and well-being. Further research should be conducted to examine whether the program has an impact on the overall duration of breastfeeding.
Highlights
A 2017 systematic review showed that infants who initiated breastfeeding more than 24 h after birth had a twofold greater risk of neonatal mortality compared to infants who initiated breastfeeding within one hour [11]
This study examined whether enrollment in the Centers of Excellence for Breastfeeding (COE) model was associated with early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during hospital stay, EBF after discharge at the time of survey, and receipt of lactation counseling during hospital stay using data from a pilot study conducted in 28 hospitals in 2019–2020
Results from the phone surveys with mothers were provided quarterly to hospitals. They were provided with an improvement plan developed in collaboration with A&T to help hospitals meet the independent qualification for supportive supervision of essential newborn care (EENC), adhere to the Ten Steps, and comply with the World Health Assembly (WHA) International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, according to World Health Organization (WHO) and Ministry of Health (MOH) guidelines
Summary
Breastfeeding is an evidence-based intervention for promoting children’s health, development, and survival [1,2,3,4,5,6]. The provision of mother’s breastmilk to infants within one and a half hours of birth, referred to as early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), is associated with continued exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at discharge and through the first 6 months of life [7,8,9,10]. A 2017 systematic review showed that infants who initiated breastfeeding more than 24 h after birth had a twofold greater risk of neonatal mortality compared to infants who initiated breastfeeding within one hour [11]. Children in many parts of the world are not breastfed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and
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