The assessment of the proximate composition, mineral composition and nutritive value of two edible mushroom genera

Abstract

Abstract The present study was carried out in an attempt to assess the proximate composition, mineral composition and nutritive value of two edible mushrooms namely: (Agaricus bisporus) and (Pleurotus ostreatus). The gross chemical composition of the two mushrooms genera showed that mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) and (Pleurotus ostreatus) were rich sources of proteins and fibers (48.30%, 52.27%), (26.33%, 21.46%) on dry weight basis; respectively. While moisture content, fat, ash and carbohydrates were relatively low (5.8%, 9.6%), (0.96%, 0.86%), (10.93%, 9.85%) and (13.48%, 15.56%); respectively. (Agaricus bisporus) and (Pleurotus ostreatus) contained (46.75, 158.20), (4.80, 11.05), (24.30, 11.05), (37.50, 44.65), (0.10, 0.10), (2.10, 1.60), (0.10, 0.35) and (0.15, 0.09) mg/100 g samples of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Na, K, Ca and Mg; respectively. The data revealed that mushrooms are considered as a rich source of essential amino acids especially leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine in both (Agaricus bisporus) and (Pleurotus ostreatus) mushrooms recording (1.86, 1.82), (1.88, 1.42), (1.56, 1.50), (1.36, 1.38), (1.43, 0.87) and (1.62, 1.52); respectively. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) of (Agaricus bisporus) mushroom recorded slight increase than (Pleurotus ostreatus) mushroom, while the Biological Value (BV) had almost the same value for both genera. The data revealed that the lipid extracted from (Agaricus bisporus) and (Pleurotus ostreatus) contained more amounts of the unsaturated than the saturated fatty acids. Key-Words: Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, gross chemical composition, mineral composition, amino acid and fatty acids.