The Assessment of the Prevalence and Disability Severity of Musculoskeletal Pain in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis in Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the nervous system that causes chronic demyelination over time and may lead to physical disability. MS-related pain may be musculoskeletal, paroxysmal, or persistently neurogenic in nature. The most common type of pain is musculoskeletal discomfort, which is typically brought on by muscle weakening, stiffness, and generalized imbalance as the condition progresses. Pain often manifests after prolonged immobilization of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Aim We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) among MS patientsin Saudi Arabia. Methodology A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients with confirmed MS in Saudi Arabia were invited to participate in the study during the duration fromApril 2022 to May 2022. Data were collected using an electronic collection tool. The study tool was checked to ensure the content validity and clarity of the Arabic and English versions. Results A total of 360 MS patients were included. Patients' ages ranged from 18 to 65 years with a mean age of 34.9±13.2 years old. Exactly 229 (63.6%) patients were females. A total of 104 (28.9%) patients complained of relapsing-remitting MS, 34 (9.4%) complained of primary progressive MS, and 16 (4.4%) complained of secondary progressive MS. A total of 138 (38.3%) patients had the disease for less than five years, and 14 (3.9%) had the disease for more than 21 years. Exactly 124 (34.4%) MS patients complained of high disability due to MSP, while 236 (65.6%) had low disability. Conclusions This study demonstrates that one out of each three patients with MS complained of pain with high disability associated with pain. Old age, comorbidities, long disease duration, and a family history of MS were significant determinants of associated disability severity.