Abstract
The aim of this experimental study was to verify thermal diffusion differences, by measuring the maximum temperature achieved with different drill shapes. Synthetic bone blocks of type I density made from solid rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam were used to perform the drilling procedures. The experiment was conducted at three different rotation speeds: 800, 3000 and 5000 rpm. Conical drills (with and without an internal cooling hole) were compared with horizontal drills and disc drills. The temperature during drilling for implant bed preparation was estimated with the use of thermocouples and an infrared (IR) camera. The temperature during drilling with disc cutters for lateral basal implants did not exceed 33 ∘C and the temperature decreased in proportion to higher drill speed. The results indicate that the tested design is safe and will not cause bone overheating.
Highlights
The impact the temperature has on the remodeling and healing processes of the bone during implant site preparation has been extensively described in the literature [1]
The shape of the drill, its design, fatigue, cooling technique, cooling material, the force applied during drilling and the rotation speed have been considered crucial factors [1]
El-Kholey et al [10] suggested that the number of drills used during implant bed preparation has no significant influence on the bone temperature increase following either conventional or simplified drilling procedure
Summary
The impact the temperature has on the remodeling and healing processes of the bone during implant site preparation has been extensively described in the literature [1]. 5000max = 75.4 ◦C, T3000max = 65.5 ◦C and at the speed of 800 rpm the drill was completely blocked inside the PUR foam interrupting thDe erixllpNeruimmbenert (Figure 6)T.ype. The maximum temperatures generated by the drill were T5000max = 75.4 °C, T3000max = 65.5 °C and at the speed of 800 rpm the drill was completely blocked inside the PUR foam interrupting the experiment (Figure 6). Drills 3 and 4, which are usually used to cut material in radial direction, had been moving 5 mm/min towards a PUR block In this case, it was shown that this experimental setup with interrupted drilling protocol, cooling and drill speed of 3000 rpm was not Fisguuirteab6.leThfoe rexmpearkiminegntthweithhocloeniincatlhderilrla#d2iwalads iirnetcertirounptoedf twhheePnUitRgoftobalmockaesddinritlhl e#3PUfrRacfotuamred ataFtnhigedusrtpheee6e.deTxohpfee8er0xi0mpreeprnmimt.ewnittwh idthriclol n#i4cawl dasrilslt#o2pwpeads isnotetrhruaptttehdewdhreilnl wit gooutlbdloncoktedbrienatkhe(FPiUgRurfeoa7m). Eixnpterirmupentetds wdriitlhlindgr,ilclsoonluinmgbaenrd3thaenddr4illshspoeweeddotfh3a0t0t0hrepemxpwearismneonttsaul isteatbulepfworitmh aking interruthpetesdlodtrilnlinthge, croaodlianlgdainredctihoendirnillthsepePeUdRoffo30a0m0.rpDmrilwl 3asfrnaocttusureitdabalnedfotrhme eaxkpinegriment the slowt inththderirlal d4iwaladsirsetcotpiopnedinstohtehPaUt tRhefodarmil.l Dwroilull3dfnraocttubredaka.nEdxtpheeriemxpeenrtismwenitthwdirtihlls 6, 7, drill 4awnads8swtoeprpeemdasdoethwaitththceoodlriinllgw, inotuelrdrunpottebdrdearikll.iEngxpperroimtoceonltsanwditthhedrmilalsxi6m, 7u,manmde8asured were mtemadpeerwatiuthrecwooaslinbgel,oiwnt3e0rr◦uCp.ted drilling protocol and the maximum measured temperature was below 30 °C
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