Abstract
The study consisted in assessing the impact of the cement industry on the selected physicochemical properties and total and bioavailable content of heavy metals in soils located in the vicinity of the factory. The sampling points were located in the four transects to the east, west, north and south of the plant, at an increasing distance of 0 - 250 - 500 - 1500 and 2000 m. The soil samples were collected from the depth of 0-20 cm. The analysed soils were characterised by the significant presence of calcium carbonate, distributed evenly in all directions. Concentrations of heavy metals were characterised by high variation, depending on the direction and distance from the cement factory. The percentages of bioavailable forms of heavy metals in the general pool did not exceed 10%.
Highlights
Heavy metals are natural components of the pedosphere, in heavily industrialised areas, where large quantities of dust, waste and wastewater are by-produced, their concentration is increased (Kostecki et al 2015; Plak et al 2015; Jankiewicz, Adamczyk 2007)
The soil tested around cement factories displays high concentration of certain heavy metals, e.g. iron and calcium, which clearly decreases with increasing distance from plants (Asubiojo et al, 1991; Ade-Ademilua Umebese 2007)
A single speciation analysis was used in the study on the grounds that it is frequently only a limited percentage of total heavy metal content in soil that is absorbed by plants, or may migrate into groundwater, i.e. be active in geochemical circulation (Hlihor et al 2009 Mocek et al 2012)
Summary
Heavy metals are natural components of the pedosphere, in heavily industrialised areas, where large quantities of dust, waste and wastewater are by-produced, their concentration is increased (Kostecki et al 2015; Plak et al 2015; Jankiewicz, Adamczyk 2007). Prolonged dust fall may lead to a gradual progressive biological deactivation of soil, due to the depletion in types and quantity of species inhabiting the original population (Gołuchowska, Kusza 2010; Gołuchowska et al 2012; Hua et al, 2016 Mandre et al, 1998) the storage of waste, the drainage of domestic sewage of the crew, the drainage of cooling waters and the extraction of underground water intensifies an adverse impact of cement plants on the environment. High concentration of heavy metals, especially in the bioavailable forms in the soils in the vicinity of industrial plants, seriously disrupts their natural geochemical cycle
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