The Assessment of Diet Contaminated with Aflatoxin B1 in Juvenile Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and the Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mitigation of a Yeast Cell Wall Extract.

Jinzhu Yang,Gang Lin,Tiantian Wang,Mingzhu Li,Ronghua Zhu,Alexandros Yiannikouris,Kangsen Mai,Yanjiao Zhang

doi:10.3390/toxins12090597

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary AFB1 on growth performance, health, intestinal microbiota communities and AFB1 tissue residues of turbot and evaluate the mitigation efficacy of yeast cell wall extract, Mycosorb® (YCWE) toward AFB1 contaminated dietary treatments. Nine experimental diets were formulated: Diet 1 (control): AFB1 free; Diets 2–5 or Diets 6–9: 20 μg AFB1/kg diet or 500 μg AFB1/kg diet + 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% YCWE, respectively). The results showed that Diet 6 significantly decreased the concentrations of TP, GLB, C3, C4, T-CHO, TG but increased the activities of AST, ALT in serum, decreased the expressions of CAT, SOD, GPx, CYP1A but increased the expressions of CYP3A, GST-ζ1, p53 in liver. Diet 6 increased the AFB1 residues in serum and muscle, altered the intestinal microbiota composition, decreased the bacterial community diversity and the abundance of some potential probiotics. However, Diet 8 and Diet 9 restored the immune response, relieved adverse effects in liver, lowered the AFB1 residues in turbot tissues, promoted intestinal microbiota diversity and lowered the abundance of potentially pathogens. In conclusion, YCWE supplementation decreased the health effects of AFB1 on turbot, restoring biomarkers closer to the mycotoxin-free control diet.

Highlights

Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production industry in the world, and by 2030 it is expected to provide 60 percent of the fish available for human consumption [1]
Most of these studies concentrated on the impact on growth performance, liver lesions and immunosuppression induced by dietary Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)
Diets with AFB1 (2000 or 4000 μg/kg) remarkably reduced the weight gain (WG), Feed efficiency (FE), and the content of crude lipid [23], or 4000 μg/kg) remarkably reduced the weight gain (WG), FE, and the content of crude lipid [23], while results reported by Tuan et al [25] and Deng et al [26] demonstrated that WG, FI and FE were while results reported by Tuan et al [25] and Deng et al [26] demonstrated that WG, FI and FE were significantly reduced by 250 μg/kg or higher dietary AFB1

Summary

Introduction

Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production industry in the world, and by 2030 it is expected to provide 60 percent of the fish available for human consumption [1]. There were studies of various species exposed to AFB1. Most of these studies concentrated on the impact on growth performance, liver lesions and immunosuppression induced by dietary AFB1. It had been reported that when sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were fed a diet with 18 μg AFB1 /kg of body weight, adverse effects (liver lesions and AFB1 residues in musculature) were induced [16]. Studies on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) indicated that toxic effects of AFB1 could be induced when fish were fed more than 0.05 μg AFB1 /kg diet [17,18,19,20,21,22]. The toxic effects of AFB1 occurred when the dose was greater than 100 μg/kg diet

Objectives

Discussion

Conclusion