Abstract
The European Green Deal indicates the renovation of both public and private buildings as a key element for the improvement of energy efficiency in the building stock, in order to reach the goals of the document itself. New incentives, also including density bonus, can significantly contribute to foster diffuse actions. In Italy, the density bonus is under testing: the current framework has produced profitability for regeneration in some areas and unprofitability in others. This has led to a non-diffuse renewal, widening differences in richness and quality throughout territories subjected to the same reward measure. A territory is characterized by a high degree of typological and qualitative fragmentation and dissimilarity. Thus, the aim of the present work is the construction of a model that allows for identifying the entity of the reward measure in terms of density bonus. Density bonus can determine the feasibility of renovation interventions—in economic-financial terms and in relation to urban impact—taking into account the characteristics of the context (or micro-context) where they are performed. The research model is based on a Balance Sheet Model and is applied to the city of Florence. The model suggests an innovative approach where urban, landscape and environmental impacts produced by the density bonus are evaluated according to the economic amount needed for their mitigation. The expected results in the application of the model consist in the definition of an iso-bonus map organized by areas.
Highlights
The goals that the European Union (EU) aims to reach by 2050, thanks to the action plan named the “Green Deal”, include the elimination of greenhouse gases and the dissociation of economic growth from the use of natural resources [1].The European Green Deal attributes a strong relevance to the theme of renovation in public and private buildings, as they represent one of the major sources of energy consumption in Europe
The renovation of both public and private buildings represents an essential action and a key initiative to promote energy efficiency in the building sector and to reach the goals established by the Green Deal [3] itself, in the perspective of reducing land consumption [4]
In order to understand the entity of the issue related to the renovation of building stock in the European Union, it is useful to present some data obtained from a review of the scientific literature
Summary
The European Green Deal attributes a strong relevance to the theme of renovation in public and private buildings (intended both as the so-called heavy refurbishment, that is, interventions aimed at transforming building through a systematic set of works that can lead to a building wholly or partly different from the previous one and as demolition and reconstruction of buildings), as they represent one of the major sources of energy consumption in Europe. They are responsible for about 40% of the EU’s total energy consumption and for 36% of its greenhouse gas emissions [2]. The strong need for building stock renovation in Europe can be better understood by considering that 85–95% of the buildings that exist today will still be standing in 2050 [5]
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