Abstract
After the first detection of the Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus in the year 2000 in France, its invasive nature was revealed in 2008 in Switzerland and Germany. In the following years, accumulating reports have shown that Ae. j. japonicus succeeded in establishing in several European countries. Surveillance efforts suggest that there are currently four populations in Europe, with the largest one, formed by the recent fusion of several smaller populations, ranging from West Germany, with extensions to Luxembourg and French Alsace, southwards to Switzerland and continuing westwards through Liechtenstein to western Austria. This paper summarises the present distribution of Ae. j. japonicus in Europe, based on published literature and hitherto unpublished findings by the authors, and critically reviews the monitoring strategies applied. A proposal for a more standardised monitoring approach is provided, aiming at the harmonisation of future data collections for improving the comparability between studies and the suitability of collected data for further research purposes, e.g. predictive modelling approaches.
Highlights
The Asian bush mosquito or Asian rock pool mosquito Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) is a highly invasive culicid species originating from East Asia (Japan, Korea, southern China, southeastern Russia) [1]
Recommendations to harmonise monitoring To standardise and harmonise large-scale surveillance activities, we suggest a halo approach, creating a circle of negative sites around positive sites to define the boundaries of a population, in combination with the use of a grid cell pattern
By late 2017, 17 years after the first detection of Ae. j. japonicus in Europe, this invasive mosquito species was demonstrated to be established in ten countries, in most of which it continues to spread
Summary
The Asian bush mosquito or Asian rock pool mosquito Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) is a highly invasive culicid species originating from East Asia (Japan, Korea, southern China, southeastern Russia) [1]. Japonicus was first detected in 2000 [11] and has since emerged in numerous countries, either through continental spread or additional introduction events from overseas [6]. In addition to adult trapping and ovitrapping [23– 26], the surveillance of larval habitats is an appropriate cost-effective method [27]. This contribution will update the distribution of Ae. j. Japonicus in Europe by the end of the mosquito season 2017, provide an overview over the genetic relationship of European populations and review the methods used to monitor this invasive species. Japonicus in Europe (northwestern France [11]), observations have been published from numerous European countries suggesting continuous importation, e.g. through the used tyre trade, or quick dispersal of the species. Each subsection refers to originally detected populations and their subsequent development, ending in the delineation of the current populations in Europe
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