Abstract
The epidemiology of rabies in the United States has changed substantially during the last half century, as the source of the disease has changed from domesticated animals to wildlife, principally raccoons, skunks, foxes, and bats. Moreover, the changes observed among affected wildlife populations have not occurred without human influence. Rather, human attraction to the recreational and economic resources provided by wildlife has contributed to the reemergence of rabies as a major zoonosis. Although human deaths caused by rabies have declined recently to an average of one or two per year, the estimated costs associated with the decrease in deaths amount to hundreds of millions of dollars annually. In future efforts to control rabies harbored by free-ranging animal reservoirs, public health professionals will have to apply imaginative, safe, and cost-effective solutions to this age-old malady in addition to using traditional measures.
Highlights
Despite our increasing knowledge of the role of patient race/ethnicity in drug prescribing practice for specific conditions, how or whether these specific effects translate into overall antimicrobial drug use by race/ethnicity remains unclear. We address this gap in knowledge by describing the extent of racial/ethnic disparities in overall antimicrobial drug prescription fill rates in the United States
We found a large disparity in antimicrobial drug fill rates by race/ethnicity: white persons reported making twice as many antimicrobial drug prescription fills as persons who were not white
The survey measures reported antimicrobial drug fills and not actual use [8]; the fill rates we report are substantially lower than those measured by others using sales data [1] or other national surveys [9]
Summary
We aimed to accurately map current and new BU-endemic areas and compare and contrast the changing incidence in these locations, to document disease severity and associate this with diagnostic delay, and to identify times of increased transmission risk. We aimed to clarify year-to-year changes in capsular serotypes, genotypes of penicillin and macrolide resistance, and diversity of sequence types (STs) in all pneumococcal isolates collected throughout Japan during April 2010–March 2017. We aimed to explore the genetic relationships of the 2015 and 2016 isolates from CAR with this reported population structure of NmW/cc. We aimed to estimate the influenza-associated severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) hospitalization using the methods recommended by the World Health Organization (5)
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