The Art and Craft of Phonomicrosurgery in Grammy Award-Winning Elite Performers.

Abstract

Since the renowned opera maestro Manuel Garcia presented "Observations on the Human Voice" using mirror laryngoscopy in 1855, there has been an inextricable link between performing vocalists and laryngologists. Today, specialized laryngeal surgeons continue the tradition of integrating medical and surgical management of performers with those skilled in vocal arts, voice science, and voice therapy. With advances in surgical instrumentation and techniques, increasing opportunities have evolved to surgically restore lost performing voices. However, it is especially challenging because of a range of factors, including the need for optimal technical precision, management of expectations, complexity of informed consent, public visibility of these patients, and the economics related to the success and failure of surgery. A number of these key issues apply to phonomicrosurgical procedures in nonsingers as well. Consequently, reviewing the art and craft of phonomicrosurgery in elite performers provides valuable insights into the optimal management of any patient. A retrospective review was done of microlaryngeal procedures for the past 20 years, and 18 elite performers were identified who were Grammy Award winners. Microsurgical methods for different lesions are illustrated. Composite analyses of the group along with their associated pathology was done to provide insights into key issues. The 18 patients in this cohort have won 80 Grammy Awards, which were garnered from 242 nominations. All 18 had substantial deterioration in voice quality and could retain more than 1 pathology. Significant loss of superficial lamina propria (SLP) pliability was present in 15 of 18, varices and/or ectasias leading to vocal hemorrhage in 6, vocal polyps in 9, fibrovascular nodules in 6, arytenoid granuloma in 1, sulcus from prior microlaryngeal surgery leading to vocal fold SLP scarring in 4, sulcus from long-term phonotrauma leading to vocal fold SLP scarring in 4, benign cyst in 1, precancerous dysplasia in 2, and invasive carcinoma in 2. Subsequent to phonomicrosurgery, all reported improvement in their performance. Laryngologists and laryngeal surgeons have shouldered a burden of responsibility for elite performing vocalists since the origin of our specialty. Most lesions and diagnoses that are encountered result from phonotrauma. Optimizing singers' care provides surgeons with extremely complex technical, emotional, social, and financial challenges. Focused analysis of managing elite performing vocalists effectively integrates a range of essential issues, which provide key insights to assist clinicians treating nonperforming patients requiring phonomicrosurgery.