Abstract
Urodele amphibians (∼768 spp.), salamanders and newts, are a rich source of molecules with bioactive properties, especially those isolated from their skin secretions. These include pharmacological attributes, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, vasoactive, immune system modulation, and dermal wound healing activities. Considering the high demand for new compounds to guide the discovery of new drugs to treat conventional and novel diseases, this review summarizes the characteristics of molecules identified in the skin of urodele amphibians. We describe urodele-derived peptides and alkaloids, with emphasis on their biological activities, which can be considered new scaffolds for the pharmaceutical industry. Although much more attention has been given to anurans, bioactive molecules produced by urodeles have the potential to be used for biotechnological purposes and stand as viable alternatives for the development of therapeutic agents.
Highlights
The skin of amphibians exerts a broad spectrum of functions, which are fundamental for their homeostasis and interaction with the environment
We provide a brief appraisal of molecules isolated from the skin of urodele amphibians with an overview of their biological activities, with emphasis on peptides and alkaloids
Skin secretion of amphibians of order Urodela are a unique source of alkaloids, peptides, biogenic amines and other compounds with diverse structures and functions to be considered as bioactive compounds
Summary
The skin of amphibians exerts a broad spectrum of functions, which are fundamental for their homeostasis and interaction with the environment. Bioactive molecules produced by urodeles have the potential to be used for biotechnological purposes, which make this group of amphibians a promising alternative to develop products with application in human health (Afolabi et al, 2018). We provide a brief appraisal of molecules isolated from the skin of urodele amphibians with an overview of their biological activities, with emphasis on peptides and alkaloids.
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