THE ARCHETYPE OF TEACHERS IN BIOGRAPHY OF THE HOLDER OF THE LIFE WAY OF PEOPLE'S ARTIST OF THE USSR M.VODYANOY

Abstract

This article is devoted to research of archetype of Teacher. An attempt was made to identify archetype and define its structure-forming elements in mythologized biography of one of main leaders of theater – M.Vodyanoy. The theoretical basis of article is based theory of archetypes of C.G.Jung and research of E.Druzhinina. The author discovers in biography of Vodyanoy such structural elements of archetype of Teacher as the original archetype, which is closely associated with symbolic role of chief, sacrifice, mythical ancestor, demiurge, cultural hero, and also motive of suffering. It is well known that archetypes are typical species of understanding. Archetypes provides with depth to structure of human significance. It can be particularly observed in case of mythology and art. C.G.Jung realized strong link between mythology and art and used his theory of archetypes, not only in psychoanalytic practice, but also in interpretation of various of art. Thus, in this research we try to follow this example in order to detect in art of theater one of ancient archetypes – archetype of Teacher, which is correlated with Jung's archetype – Wise old man. In our opinion, archetype of Teacher is one of basic archetypes of myth of Odessa Theater of Musical Comedy. We pay attention to such a very important issue as a traditionalism of Theater of Musical Comedy. We found that troupe itself is divided into three generations of artists: older, middle and younger. The older generation of artists (M.Vodyanoy, E.Dembska, І . І vanova, S.Krupnik, Yu.Dinov, E.S і l і n, L.Satosova, and etc.) is teachers, luminaries, leading figures, guru of Odessa Theater of Musical Comedy. Most of them are dead. But memory about Teachers alive and spread from middle generation of artists to junior. Certainly it concerns great artist and Theater – M.Vodyanoy. It's extremely important to highlight main characteristics of archetype of Teacher. First of all, source for archetype of teacher is figure of chief, sacrificer and mythical ancestor, cultural hero and demiurge. Exactly these symbolic roles were played by one of main leaders of theatre – M.Vodyanoy. He stood at origins of theatre of Musical Comedy. He was always and everywhere first. It is known that actor was called king of operetta. He was among first artists in genre that in 1976 was awarded highest title – People's Artist of USSR. M. Vodyanoy had a lot of fans. He was loved and adored. He had students and went to become not only a creative leader but also a director of this theatre and besides he turned into a hero of Odessa's myth. There are a lot of signs of mythologizing in history of theatre and in biography of M.Vodyanoy. Attention is focused Odessa image flavour of theatre and its leading artist as а real Odessa citizen. So there are a lot of different legends about M.Vodyanoy in folklore of city of Odessa. Some of those stories tell us about his Odessa roots and favorite habit of walking Deribasovskaya street. Other tells us about Vodyanoy's fascination with artistic work and searching for details for his costumes in streets of Odessa. In any case, such mythology underlines authenticity of M.Vodyanoy, his close relationship with city. That, in its urn, works on archetype of Teacher, because Teacher in order to trust should be only native. The second structure-forming element of archetype of Teacher is a motif of suffering. This motif can be found in fate of such famous mythological teachers like Chiron and even historical figures as Socrates or Janusz Korczak. The motif of suffering can be found also in fate of M.Vodyanoy. It is well-known that artist uffered several heart attacks after he was literally persecuted in mid-80s. The trumped criminal case was opened by detractors of M.Vodyanoy. These dramatic events in biography of artist described in different articles and ssays of journalists of Odessa. Some of which we refer to in text of our article. M.Vodyanoy could not survive his personal drama that has been linked to his persecuted. He died at peak of his career in full dawn of his creative powers. But today place, to which he devoted his entire life, Odessa Theater of Musical Comedy is theatre named after him and students of his students regard M.Vodyanoy as their teacher. If for middle generation of artists status of M.Vodyanoy as a teacher, is no doubt, for youth he is in a symbolic sense some kind of ancestors. So due to our research we came to an interesting opening. The whole force of archetype of Teacher lies in some amazing trait: based past it sets a certain motion vector and development in present and future.