The Arabs and the Achaemenid Invasion of Egypt ( 529-521 B.C ).

Abstract

The Achaemenid Empire ( 559-330 B.C) Is one of the largest empires in the long of the history. The area which controlled by this empire extended to about 5.5 million square kilometers , Among of many of military campaigns of this empire it was the campaign to control Egypt, which done by Cambyses II (525B.C) And that which followed to invade Egypt after that, that was accomplished on a date (525 BC .), Where Cambyses II succeeded in what Cyrus (the great) failed One of the most discussed topics in this campaign it was about how the Cambyses army penetrated the desert extending beyond the city of Babylon in the west to Memphis in Egypt and controlled it, through the help of some Arab tribes or kingdoms in the upper or northern Arabian Peninsula. They are the ones who helped in the success of the Cambyses campaign in Egypt by providing financial support from camels and their knowledge of the road routes there.. The current study confirmed that the Qaidarians were the ones who contributed to the success of the Cambyses campaign in penetrating the desert and reaching Egypt through the Sinai Peninsula. The current study suggested two desert paths from Babylon to Egypt, the name of the Arabian king (Qaidarian) which provided assistance to this campaign was Eyas bin Muchli , and the reason for the Qaidarians whose helped is attributed to Qambiz II was for the purpose of maintaining control over trade routes and strengthening their control of trade between the various regions and kingdoms in the region..