Abstract
This chapter explores the lifespan of the Arab Legion, the British-financed and officered Jordanian army, which was in existence from 1923 to 1956. It examines its origins after the First World War, as Britain sought to establish control of its new imperial possessions in the Middle East; its significance towards state formation in Transjordan and the creation of a Jordanian national identity; its peripheral role in the Second World War; its crucial role in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War; and its Arabisation after the dismissal of its British commander, Glubb Pasha, in March 1956.
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