Abstract
<p class="1Body">Anaemia is a serious public health problem especially in developing countries as Benin. <em>Cocos nucifera</em> is one of medicinal plants used in Benin to treat anemia. This study aimed to test its therapeutic efficacy in anemia treatment. <strong>Method:</strong> Five groups of five <em>Wistar</em> rats each were formed. The rats of four groups were rendered anemic by injection of phenylhydrazine (hemolysis) in the first two days D0 and D1. From the second to the fifteenth day (D2 to D15), anemic groups were gavaged either by the aqueous extract of <em>Cocos nucifera</em> at 200 or 300 mg / kg body weight/day, or by vitafer, a reference drug against anemia. The last anemic group was not treated. The group of non-anemic rats served as a control. Blood samples were collected for all rats on days D0, D2, D7, D10 and D15 to assess blood count and osmotic resistance of red blood cells. <strong>Results:</strong> The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, leucoanthocyanes, steroids, quinone derivatives, reducing compounds and mucilage. The extract like the vitafer corrected completely anemia before two weeks by stimulating hemoglobin synthesis, production and early release of immature red cells in the blood stream. Its effect was dose dependent, quite specific and did not affect platelet lineage. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> <em>Cocos nucifera</em> has a good therapeutic efficacy and may be considered for transformation into improved traditional medicines (ITM) after study of its biological tolerance and appropriate clinical trials.</p>
Highlights
African pharmacopoeia is rich because of the diversity of human groups, languages, customs, and especially the ecological character of areas
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of aqueous extract of this plant on an experimental hemolytic anaemia model
The effect of treatment was monitored by an evaluation of hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, the number of red blood cells, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), the Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and osmotic resistance of erythrocytes
Summary
African pharmacopoeia is rich because of the diversity of human groups, languages, customs, and especially the ecological character of areas The majority of these social groups use this biodiversity of medicinal plants to solve their health problems (Modak et al, 2007; Soetan and Aiyelaagbe, 2009). (Assobayire et al, 2001) It is defined by a reduction of the normal quantity of blood circulating haemoglobin, less than 13 g/dl for male and less than 12 g/dl for female adults (Okochi et al, 2003). It affects people of all ages, but the main targets are infants, pregnant women and elderly (Holden & Acomb, 2007; Duff, 2008)
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