The Aqueous Extract from the Stem Bark of Garcinia lucida Vesque (Clusiaceae) Exhibits Cardioprotective and Nephroprotective Effects in Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Rats.

Christelle Stéphanie Sonfack,Alain Bertrand Dongmo,Jacquy Joyce Kojom,Christian Kuété Fofié,Fernande Petingmve Peyembouo,Télesphore Benoît Nguelefack,Tsabang Nolé,Edwige Laure Lappa,Elvine Pami Nguelefack-Mbuyo,Priscila Souza

doi:10.1155/2021/5581041

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health problem with high morbidity and mortality, mainly attributable to cardiovascular risk. Garcinia lucida is traditionally used in Cameroon for the management of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects of the aqueous extract from the stem bark of G. lucida (AEGL). The in vitro antioxidant effect of AEGL was assessed at concentrations ranging 1–300 μg/mL against DPPH, lipid peroxidation, and AAPH-induced hemolysis. The reducing power and phenolic and flavonoids contents were also determined. CKD was induced by intraperitoneal bolus injection of adenine (50 mg/kg/day) for 4 consecutive weeks to male Wistar rats. AEGL (150 and 300 mg/kg/day) or captopril (20 mg/kg/day) was concomitantly administered with adenine per os. Bodyweight and blood pressure were monitored at baseline and weekly during the test. At the end of the experiment, plasma creatinine, urea, AST, and ALT were quantified. Proteinuria, creatinine excretion, and creatinine clearance were also assessed. The effect on GSH, CAT, and SOD activity was evaluated in cardiac and renal homogenates. Sections of the heart and kidney were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. AEGL exhibited a potent in vitro antioxidant activity and was shown to possess a large amount of phenolic compounds. Adenine alone increased blood pressure, cardiac and kidney mass, proteinuria, protein to creatinine ratio, plasma creatinine, AST, and urea levels (p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001). Besides, the bodyweight and creatinine clearance were significantly reduced (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). All these alterations were blunted by the plant extract, except the bodyweight loss. In addition, AEGL improved GSH levels and CAT and SOD activities. AEGL attenuated adenine-induced glomerular necrosis, tubular dilatation, and cardiac inflammation. AEGL exhibits cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects that may be ascribed to its antihypertensive and antioxidant activities.

Highlights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly defined based on the value of estimated glomerular filtration rate, with a 40% decline to a GFR or less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for more than 3 months [1]
A broader definition of CKD has been proposed in 2012 by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) that takes into consideration structural, functional, and pathological abnormalities of the kidney [2] and functional alterations
We showed that G. lucida prevented L-NAME-induced hypertension, but nothing is known about the effect of this plant on CKD. e present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant and the nephroprotective effects of the aqueous extract from the stem bark of G. lucida against adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats

Summary

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly defined based on the value of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), with a 40% decline to a GFR or less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for more than 3 months [1]. Reports from the global burden of disease (GBD) [4] clearly show that CKD is a growing global health problem with increasing incidence and prevalence in both developed and developing countries. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, mainly attributable to elevated cardiovascular risk [4, 5]. Cardiovascular disorders are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease [1, 9]. E present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant and the nephroprotective effects of the aqueous extract from the stem bark of G. lucida against adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats We showed that G. lucida prevented L-NAME-induced hypertension (unpublished data), but nothing is known about the effect of this plant on CKD. e present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant and the nephroprotective effects of the aqueous extract from the stem bark of G. lucida against adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats

Materials and Methods

In Vitro Antioxidant Tests

Evaluation of the Effect of Garcinia lucida on AdenineInduced CKD

Results

Conclusion