Abstract
Uncertainty in international state immunity regulation causes a variety of states’ approaches to this area of international law. The article aims to reveal the approach to the international state immunity doctrine that is taken by the Lithuanian courts.The state immunity doctrine is essentially considered in Lithuania as an area of national law established by the case law of national courts. The reasoning of the Lithuanian courts implies that they treat the state immunity doctrine as a matter of Lithuania’s choice rather than binding international law. The Lithuanian courts tend to ignore international customs and other sources of international state immunity law.In most of the cases, application of the state immunity doctrine in Lithuania is non-compliant with the international law, limiting the immunity of state in its particular private activities, as well as requiring for the assessment of the nature of the activities of a defendant state. In a few state immunity cases Lithuanian courts analysed the nature of foreign states’ activities essentially in line with international law.The approach of the Lithuanian courts to the international state immunity law may result in international responsibility of Lithuania. The Lithuanian courts’ approach can be criticized from the national constitutional perspective, treating international customary law as a legal source in Lithuania. However, the sceptic Lithuanian approach to the international state immunity law is not unique in terms of practice of foreign states.
Highlights
The article aims to reveal the approach of the Lithuanian courts to the state immunity doctrine as an area of international law
It analyses which place international law takes among sources of the state immunity doctrine in Lithuania
It assesses the compliance of the Lithuanian case law in the field of state immunity with international law
Summary
Straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti Lietuvos teismų požiūrį į valstybės imuniteto doktriną kaip tarptautinės teisės sritį. The article aims to reveal the approach of the Lithuanian courts to the state immunity doctrine as an area of international law. Vis dėlto iš esmės visoje Lietuvos teismų praktikoje nėra pripažįstama, kad valstybės imuniteto srityje yra Lietuvai privaloma tarptautinė teisė. Lietuvos teismų praktikoje yra pateikiama argumentų, kurie leidžia manyti, kad valstybės imuniteto doktriną teismai laiko ne tarptautinės teisės, bet Lietuvos diskrecijos pasirinkimo reikalu. Lenkijos Respublikos ambasada byloje Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas pasirėmė EŽTT argumentu, kad tarptautinės teisės taisyklės riboja valstybių imunitetą darbo ginčuose. Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas, nors ir nesiremdamas tarptautinės teisės taisykle, ribojančia valstybių imunitetą komerciniuose sandoriuose[35], nusprendė netaikyti Rusijos Federacijai imuniteto byloje dėl jos ambasados skyriaus padaryto patalpų nuomos sutarties pažeidimo[36]. 1. Lietuvos teismai valstybės imuniteto doktriną iš esmės laiko nacionalinės teisės dalimi, kurios pagrindinis šaltinis yra nacionalinių teismų praktika.
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