Abstract
The development and validation of a method for remote measurement of the spectra of sea waves, which significantly expands the capabilities to study surface waves in large water areas in a wide range of wavelengths, is described. The applied approach is based on the use of retrieving operators, which are constructed by the method of numerical simulation, taking into account the nonlinear nature of brightness field modulation by the slopes of the sea surface. Retrieving operators have a set of parameters that are adapted to the real conditions of aerospace imaging. To assess the adequacy of the retrieving of wave spectra recorded from satellite images, they are compared with the spectra obtained by ground-based means under controlled conditions. The studies have shown the adequacy of remote measurement of the spectra of slopes and elevations of sea waves with wavelengths in the range 0.1–1 m. The possibility of using the developed method for studying the variability of sea waves in the coastal zone under conditions of limited fetch, including in the presence of anthropogenic disturbances, is shown.
Highlights
The spatiotemporal structure of surface waves changes randomly under the influence of many natural factors on the water environment
This paper describes a method for studying the spectra of sea waves in a wide range of wavelengths, retrieved from the spectra of optical satellite images of high spatial resolution using specially developed retrieving operators
The purpose of the main complex experiments is to validate the method of remote measurement of sea wave spectra from satellite images using in situ measurements on a stationary platform
Summary
The spatiotemporal structure of surface waves changes randomly under the influence of many natural factors (internal waves [1], current fields [2,3], and anthropogenic impacts [4,5]) on the water environment. For a reliable assessment of the spectra of surface waves from satellite optical images, special methods should be used to reconstruct the characteristics of sea waves from the characteristics of the brightness fields recorded by space sensors [9,10,11,12,13,14]. For the wavelength range from 0.1 to 1 m, the rms elevation in the area of the sea surface anomaly associated with the appearance of an oil slick decreases: 1.4-fold, according to the results of the developed technique; 1.91-fold, based on the results of processing stereopairs; 1.59-fold, according to the data of the in situ wave recorder. For the wavelength range from 0.04 m to 0.4 m, the rms elevation in the area of the oil slick decreases: 1.65-fold, according to the results of the developed technique; 2.5-fold, according to the results of processing stereopairs; 1.37-fold, according to the wave recorder data.
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