Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a slightly innovative therapy, is very popular in the treatment of some diseases, especially tumors. Its basic principle is to expose the lesion site of the body to light at a specific wavelength to activate the photosensitizers that selectively gather at the lesion site, trigger a photochemical reaction, and produce phototoxicity. As photocytotoxicity only occurs in pathological tissues, selective destruction can be made to achieve the targeted therapeutic effect. Therefore, in the course of treatment, the choice of photosensitizer is very important. In recent years, nanotechnology has ushered in rapid development. It has been found that nanomaterials have good biocompatibility and can eliminate some side effects of photosensitizers. Therefore, combining photosensitizers with nanomaterials can effectively improve the efficiency of PDT. In this paper, the most commonly used two-dimensional nanosheets and their derived quantum dots in recent years have been reviewed in terms of their applications in PDT, and the challenges and prospects in the future are also reviewed.
Highlights
As a new approach to targeted therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a promising candidate for cancer treatment.[1,2,3,4,5] The mechanism of PDT is as follows
The results showed that HeP-G2 cells cultured scitation.org/journal/apm with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-BPQDS showed green fluorescence under light irradiation at 625 nm, which was consistent with the treatment results of the positive drug rosup (Fig. 10)
The results showed that after irradiation, the absorption intensity decreased gradually, and the decay rate was relatively slow, which indicated that the photodynamic therapy effect of BPPEG/Ce6NSs was significantly improved, possibly because Ce6 would be released during the treatment (Fig. 12).[57]
Summary
As a new approach to targeted therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a promising candidate for cancer treatment.[1,2,3,4,5] The mechanism of PDT is as follows. 2D nanosheets (NSs) have been used for photodynamic therapy because of their unique properties in mechanical, chemical, and optical properties, and high diversity in size, shape, biocompatibility, and degradability. These characteristics can make the NSs quickly respond to external signals, such as light, providing a privilege for their applications in PDT.[16]. Black phosphorus (BP), MoS2, ZnO, Fe3O4, CeO2, Ag2S, and so on.[23] In this paper, we mainly review the application of graphene, BP, and MoS2, the three most commonly used nanomaterials, in photodynamic therapy Their synthesis methods and some challenges and prospects in the applications of PDT are discussed
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