Abstract
Polyaniline is one of the most well studied conducting polymers due to its advanced electrical, chemical, redox and morphological properties. The high conductivity of regular polyaniline, when partially oxidized and doped under acidic conditions, has been associated with the formation of unique electronic states known as polarons and bipolarons. Alternative aniline oxidation products and interesting nanotube and nanorod forms have been observed as the synthesis conditions are varied. Solid-state NMR has offered great opportunities for structural investigations and the determination of molecular dynamics in such a complex and diverse material. This review summarizes various applications of solid-state NMR techniques to polyaniline and its derivatives and the information that can be obtained by solid-state NMR.
Highlights
Known to the scientific community for more than 150 years, polyaniline (PANI) only attracted considerable attention over the past four decades due to its electro-conductive properties and diverse and interesting chemistry
Kuroki et al used 13 C and 15 N NMR to analyze a process of PANI carbonization [56], whereby very interesting and potentially useful material was made that could be used for catalyst supports, electrochemical catalysts, hydrogen storage etc
We have presented a summary of the standard and advanced multidimensional and multinuclear solid-state NMR (SSNMR) techniques that are used in characterizing structural and molecular dynamic features of the conducting polymer PANI and PANI
Summary
Known to the scientific community for more than 150 years, polyaniline (PANI) only attracted considerable attention over the past four decades due to its electro-conductive properties and diverse and interesting chemistry. Solid-state NMR (SSNMR) has been established as a very powerful analytical technique that can provide invaluable information about solid organic polymers These include molecular dynamics, structural and conformational properties using various isotopes such as 13 C, 15 N and 1 H, irrespective of the level of crystallinity and the presence of long-range order in the solid material [5,6]. Due to these characteristics, SSNMR has proven to be an invaluable technique for the analysis of PANI and various physicochemical processes the polymer can undergo.
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