The application of vestibular tests in the diagnosis of Meniere’s disease – interpretation of results and practical implications in clinical practice

Abstract

Introduction: Meniere’s disease is a condition characterized clinically by episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and a sensation of fullness in the ear. The symptoms are caused by the endolymphatic hydrops. Despite numerous studies, the exact mechanism of its onset remains unknown. The current diagnostic criteria published by international societies are based on clinical symptoms. Due to the variable clinical presentation of the disease, there is a need to search for effective diagnostic tools. Material and methods: The article discusses various methods assessing inner ear function in the diagnosis of Meniere’s disease, including video Head Impulse Test, videonystagmography with caloric tests, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, dynamic posturography, and electrocochleography. The results of aforementioned tests with patterns typical for Meniere’s disease are also presented. Conclusions: This article presents a comprehensive diagnostic review of Meniere’s disease using vestibular organ examination methods, emphasizing the importance of various research methods for an accurate understanding and diagnosis of this complex disease.