Abstract
Thermosensitive nanocarriers as the “smart” drug delivery systems have shown tremendous promise in the field of controlled drug delivery due to their special property. Thermosensitive nanocarriers with long circulation properties can accumulate in the pathological sites by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect or attach targeting ligands to the surface of the nanocarriers, and the drug release rates of these pharmaceutical nanocarriers can be adjusted in response to thermal variability of the environment. In this paper, we first discuss the classification of thermosensitive polymer according to their functional properties in thermosensitive nanocarriers. On the basis of this, our main purposes are focused on reviewing the characteristics of various thermosensitive nanocarriers including the strategies for their functionalization, thermosensitive behavior, or site-specific targeting. Furthermore, the paper discusses the current and future trends of the thermosensitive nanocarriers in controlled drug delivery.
Highlights
Due to the obvious properties of enhancing the efficiency of drugs in vivo, pharmaceutical nanocarriers including micelles, hydrogels, liposomes, and dendrimers (Figure 1) have been paid much attention in drug delivery system (DDS) [1,2,3,4,5]
Thermosensitive nanocarriers with long circulation properties can accumulate in the pathological sites by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect or attach targeting ligands to the surface of the nanocarriers, and the drug release rates of these pharmaceutical nanocarriers can be adjusted in response to thermal variability of the environment
Their obvious properties can be classified into two aspects: the nature properties of pharmaceutical nanocarriers, such as solubility, stability in vivo, and biodistribution [6]; the additional properties of pharmaceutical nanocarriers, such as longevity in the blood, passive or active targeting to the pathological sites, and responsiveness to local change in environmental conditions
Summary
Due to the obvious properties of enhancing the efficiency of drugs in vivo, pharmaceutical nanocarriers including micelles, hydrogels, liposomes, and dendrimers (Figure 1) have been paid much attention in drug delivery system (DDS) [1,2,3,4,5] Their obvious properties can be classified into two aspects: the nature properties of pharmaceutical nanocarriers, such as solubility, stability in vivo, and biodistribution [6]; the additional properties of pharmaceutical nanocarriers, such as longevity in the blood, passive or active targeting to the pathological sites, and responsiveness to local change in environmental conditions. The pharmaceutical nanocarriers with the property of long circulation can accumulate in the required pathological sites by passive or active targeting nanocarrier-based delivery systems. In order to solve the above problems, a series of amphiphilic biodegradable block copolymers were synthesized by introducing a variety of biodegradable components such as poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) [44], poly(3-carprolactone) (PCL) [45, 46], and PHB [47, 48] into the Pluronics copolymer backbone for enhancing the biodegradability of the thermosensitive polymers
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