Abstract
Layered double hydroxide intercalated with tartrate (tartrate-Mg-Al) was used as an adsorbent to remove lead ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of various optimization parameters such as contact time, solution pH, lead ion concentrations, and adsorbent dosage were investigated by the use of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a four-level four-variable Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was employed to evaluate the interactive effects of the various optimization parameters. The parameters were contact time (6–10 h), solution pH (1–3), adsorbent dosage (0.06–0.1 g), and lead ion concentrations (10–30 mg/L). The percentage of lead ions removal for each of the parameters studied was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophotometer. Simultaneously by increasing contact time and amount of dosage of tartrate-Mg-Al used the percentage of lead ions removal from aqueous solution will increase; however, the percentage removal decreases with an increase in pH and concentrations of lead ions. The experimental percentage removal recorded under optimum conditions was compared well with the maximum predicted value from the RSM, which suggest that Central Composite Rotatable Design of RSM can be used to study the removal of lead from aqueous solution by the use of tartrate-Mg-Al as an adsorbent.
Highlights
The pollution of aqueous solution by high concentrations of metal cations can contribute to a serious environmental problem
Magnesium aluminium layered double hydroxides intercalated with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) have been reported to have successfully taken up heavy metals such as Cu2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solution and the formation of EDTAmetal complex in the interlayer of layered double hydroxide was to be believed as the principal mechanism for the removal [9]
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) comprises of a four-level four-factor Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD), which was used to evaluate the interactive effects and to obtain the optimum conditions for lead ions removal from aqueous solutions using intercalated tartrate-Mg-Al layered double hydroxide
Summary
The pollution of aqueous solution by high concentrations of metal cations can contribute to a serious environmental problem. Magnesium aluminium layered double hydroxides intercalated with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) have been reported to have successfully taken up heavy metals such as Cu2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solution and the formation of EDTAmetal complex in the interlayer of layered double hydroxide was to be believed as the principal mechanism for the removal [9]. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is an effective statistical technique, which provides an investigative approach towards optimization It is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques used in significance of several affecting factors in an optimum manner, even in the presence of complex interactions [12]. RSM comprises of a four-level four-factor Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD), which was used to evaluate the interactive effects and to obtain the optimum conditions for lead ions removal from aqueous solutions using intercalated tartrate-Mg-Al layered double hydroxide
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