Abstract
Despite the introduction of next-generation sequencing in the realm of DNA sequencing technology, it is not often used in the investigation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oral cancer is one of the most frequently occurring malignancies in some parts of the world and has a high mortality rate. Patients with this malignancy are likely to have a poor prognosis and may suffer from severe facial deformity or mastication problems even after successful treatment. Therefore, a thorough understanding of this malignancy is essential to prevent and treat it. This review sought to highlight the contributions of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in unveiling the genetic alterations and differential expressions of miRNAs involved in OSCC progression. By applying an appropriate eligibility criterion, we selected relevant studies for review. Frequently identified mutations in genes such as TP53, NOTCH1, and PIK3CA are discussed. The findings of existing miRNAs (e.g., miR-21) as well as novel discoveries pertaining to OSCC are also covered. Lastly, we briefly mention the latest findings in targeted gene therapy and the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers. Our goal is to encourage researchers to further adopt NGS in their studies and give an overview of the latest findings of OSCC treatment.
Highlights
This study showed that the differential expressions of miR-92b-3p, miR-375, and miR-486-5p were associated with the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) recurrence 9–12 months postoperatively
Previous studies have reported miR-486-5p to be down-regulated in OSCC tissues, they were the first to describe the role of circulating miR-486-5p in OSCC [138]
We have discussed the frequently identified gene alterations and miRNAs that are associated with the development and progression of OSCC
Summary
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful tool that has enabled the systematic study of genomes and provided researchers with insights into disease understanding. One major advantage of NGS is the ability to sequence the entire genome or targeted areas in a short amount of time [1]. Biosciences (PacBio), have been developed to read longer lengths [7] These are capable of sequencing the entire cDNA in a single run [8]. NGS allows for whole exome sequencing of tumors, targeted sequencing (revealing key genes associated with cancer), and RNA sequencing [19] Another important feature of NGS is its role in dealing with tumor heterogeneity [20,21]. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of solid tumor characterized by tumor heterogeneity and requires substantial research at the genomic level [20,21]. We discuss several of the leading causes of OSCC, including gene alteration and the differential expression of miRNAs, which may serve as putative biomarkers
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