The application of measles specific IgM and IgG antibody detection in classification measles vaccine failure, Tianjin

Abstract

Objective: To study the application of measles specific IgM and IgG antibody detection in classification of primary vaccination failure (PVF) and secondary vaccination failure (SVF). Methods: Measles surveillance information system was used to collect measles confirmed cases in Tianjin, 2013-2015, and their blood specimens were collected, totally 284 cases were enrolled. Measles IgM and IgG were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative avidity index (RAI) was used to express the result of measles avidity. Measles IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) as evaluation indicators. In addition, compared with a measles outbreak (26 cases) of a middle school in Tianjin in 2016, for making further verification on the diagnostic value of vaccination failure with IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG. Results: The age of cases ranged was 0-58 years old, the interval median (P(25), P(75)) of serum collection after rash onset was 2 (1, 4) days. The positive rate of measles IgM and IgG in acute phase specimens were 76.06% (216 cases) and 88.38% (251 cases). According to the ROC curve analysis, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG were 0.753, 0.891 and 0.952, indicating that IgM/IgG was the best index to distinguish PVF and SVF. The best cut off value for IgM/IgG was 0.06, the sensibility and specificity were 88.75% and 86.63%. When IgM/IgG >1, 96.30% cases were low-avidity (RAI <40%), only 1 case was equivocal response (RAI: 40%-60%). 97.14% cases were high-avidity (RAI >60%) when IgM/IgG <0.01, only 3 cases were equivocal response (RAI 40%-60%). The threshold of IgM/IgG was used to verify the measles outbreak of a middle school in Tianjin, 2016. In the acute phase specimens, 100% (26 cases) of IgM/IgG were <0.06, 84.62% (22 cases) of IgM/IgG were <0.01. Conclusion: The detection of measles IgM and IgG with ELISA, and IgM/IgG is a valuable diagnostic tool to distinguish PVF and SVF.