Abstract
Alveolar ridge dimensional loss is a physiologic consequence of tooth extraction. Often, this event causes compromised feasibility of implant placement, prosthetic rehabilitation and esthetic outcome. As an attempt to minimize the shrinkage of the alveolar bone, socket preservation was introduced to intervene with the natural process by providing a scaffold with antibacterial and regenerative properties that aid in the healing process. For past decades, hydroxyapatites (HA) are one of the biomaterials used in socket preservation procedure and was thought to be biocompatible, long-term resorbable or non-resorbable and osteoconductive. Several improvements have been made to enhance the properties of hydroxyapatites that acted in providing a framework during the healing process to provide better outcomes. Here, we summarize the past and current advancements in the use of hydroxyapatite in socket preservation and its future direction.
Highlights
Maintenance and improvement of natural dentition to achieve optimum health, comfort, and function is an ultimate goal in periodontal therapy [1]
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the important classes of substitute materials belonging to the calcium phosphate ceramic group that has been extensively used in bone regeneration surgery
The mineral components of the bone were idealized as calcium hydroxyapatite, which contains irregularly shaped particles of various sizes ranges 30-45 nm length and width and an average of about 5nm thickness
Summary
Maintenance and improvement of natural dentition to achieve optimum health, comfort, and function is an ultimate goal in periodontal therapy [1]. Ideal bone grafts should enhance 1) osseointegration: provide direct attachment of the graft without fibrous tissue interference [12], [13] 2) osteoconduction: provide a framework for ingrowth of blood vessels, mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts 3) osteoinduction: recruitment of mesenchymal cells to differentiate into osteoblastic cells and 4) osteogenesis: provide osteoblast and stem cells for new bone formation[13]. Xenografts have shown long term adverse effects, including the high risk of host immune response, displacement of graft materials, cystic formation and chronic inflammation [20]. These issues emphasize the interest in the exploration of new bone substitutes that mimic the properties of bone to overcome the weaknesses of currently available graft materials
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