Abstract
21 crossing were conducted between Asiatic Lily with different ploidy levels, the results showed that the interploidy hybridization between diploid and tetraploid lilies was not as successful as intraploidy hybridization. Regardless of male sterility, triploid lilies could be used as female parents in the hybridization which the progenies were aneuploidy. 3x×4x crosses could be cultured more successfully than 3x×2x crosses. 45S rDNA was mapped on the chromosomes of seven Lilium species and their progenies using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH revealed six to sixteen 45S rDNA gene loci, and normally the sites were not in pairs. The asymmetry indexes of LA (Longiflorum hybrids × Asiatic hybrids) hybrids was higher than Asiatic hybrids, the evolution degree was LA hybrids > Asiatic hybrids. 45S rDNA distributed variably on chromosome 1-10 and 12 among Asiatic hybrids. Chromosome 1 had invariable sites of 45S rDNA in all Asiatic hybrids, which could be considered as the characteristic of Asiatic hybrids. LA hybrid ‘Freya’ had two sites of 45S rDNA on one homologous chromosome 5, and also it could be found in the progenies. The karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization with 45S rDNA as probe were applied to identify the different genotypes of 9 hybrids. Typical chromosomes with parental signal sites could be observed in all the genotypes of hybrids, it was confirmed that all the hybrids were true.
Highlights
The genus Lilium, which belongs to the family Liliaceae, is composed of approximately 100 species and is widely distributed across temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America [1, 2]
The homologous triploid and allotriploid had been successfully applied in cross breeding of many plant species [23,24,25,26]
Unlike other triploid plants such as seedless watermelon and banana, mostly triploid lily were male sterility, but can be used as female parent and hybrid with appropriate male parent, this was because the embryo sac is fritillaria type embryo sac [27]
Summary
The genus Lilium, which belongs to the family Liliaceae, is composed of approximately 100 species and is widely distributed across temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America [1, 2]. Most species of the Sinomartagon, such as L. dauricum, L. maculatum, L. concolor, L. leichtlinii, L. davidii and L. cernuum, are distributed in East Asia. Chromosome morphology of a majority of Lilium species has been confirmed [3]. Cytological investigation by C-banding has been applied in many different Lilium species [5, 6, 7, 8]. Karyotype analysis of Chinense wild Lilium species has been done by C-banding, including L. speciosu, L. pumilum, L. concolor, PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0126899. Karyotype analysis of Chinense wild Lilium species has been done by C-banding, including L. speciosu, L. pumilum, L. concolor, PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0126899 May 26, 2015
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