Abstract
Both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) are fast growing activated therapies by using light or ultrasound to initiate catalytic reaction of sensitizing agents, showing great potentials in clinics because of high safety and noninvasiveness. Sensitizers are critical components in PDT and SDT. Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) is an effective constituent derived from Photofrin that has been approved by FDA. This review is based on previous articles that explore the applications of DVDMS mediated photodynamic/sonodynamic cancer therapy and antimicrobial chemotherapy. Researchers utilize different cell lines, distinct treatment protocols to explore the enhanced therapeutic response of neoplastic lesion. Moreover, by designing a series of nanoparticles for loading DVDMS to improve the cellular uptake and antitumor efficacy of PDT/SDT, which integrates diagnostics into therapeutics for precision medical applications. During the sono-/photo-activated process, the balance between oxidation and antioxidation, numerous signal transduction and cell death pathways are also involved. In addition, DVDMS mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) can effectively suppress bacteria and multidrug resistant bacteria proliferation, promote the healing of wounds in burn infection. In brief, these efficient preclinical studies indicate a good promise for DVDMS application in the activated sono-/photo-therapy.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization's latest global cancer data, the cancer burden has risen to 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths by 2018
The results suggest that DVDMS existed as a monomer in aqueous solution, which was similar to the porphyrin results reported in other literatures
Wang et al utilized the photo-oxidation of DPBF (1, 3-diphenylisobenzofuran) as a quantitative method to evaluate singlet oxygen yield, and the results suggest much higher singlet oxygen production of DVDMS compared with the other porphyrins (Hp, PpIX, and Photofrin) because of its double porphyrin rings (Wang et al, 2015a; Yan et al, 2015)
Summary
According to the World Health Organization's latest global cancer data, the cancer burden has risen to 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths by 2018. Global patterns show that nearly half of the new cases and more than half of the cancer deaths occur in Asia (Data, 2018). Traditional cancer treatments, i.e., surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have distinct limitations. Among the newly emerged cancer therapies, the activated therapy using light or ultrasound as stimulus for stimulating sensitizers, and the derived photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) will bring new hope to improve the life time and quality of cancer patients (Kenyon et al, 2009). The first generation sensitizer Photofrin® belongs to one kind of porphyrin derivatives, it has efficient singlet oxygen production and been approved by FDA for treating cancers via PDT (AB and HS, 2013). SDT overcomes the limitation of PDT superficial diseases treatment because of the short penetration of light. Researchers have worked closely with advanced nanobiotechnology to investigate the potential of nanoDVDMS in precison theranostics (Table 1)
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