Abstract
T. kaufmanniana is a threatened and endemic species of the Tien Shan Mountains with a complex of valuable ornamental features. However, the commercial usage of the plant is limited due to the restricted availability of the bulbs in nature, difficulties in overcoming seed dormancy and low efficiency of the species reproduction. Results of the investigation of the reproductive biology of this species in the culture conditions allowed us to characterize T. kaufmanniana as viable with successful seedage. In the work reported here the effect of low temperature on the proper development of embryos is addressed, and an attempt is made to clarify the effect of cytokinins (TDZ, BAP) and auxin (NAA) on the regeneration capacity of isolated T. kaufmanniana embryos for the adventitious shoots and bulblets formation. Direct shoot organogenesis was induced by the combined action of chilling and BAP or TDZ treatment. Among the variants tested, TDZ promoted the formation of adventitious bulbs in 48 % of the chilled embryos, compared to non-chilled embryos (0.0%) and embryos exposed to the same concentration of BAP (39%). The best culture condition for T. kaufmanniana embryos growth and bulblets formation consisted of chilling for 10 wk in the dark at 4 °C, 4 wk at 20 °C under 16 h light photoperiod and 10 wk at 4 °C in the dark. Sufficiently effective protocol for clonal micropropagation was developed for the first time for T. kaufmanniana by the use of immature zygotic embryos as primary explants.
Highlights
IntroductionRepresentatives of the Tulipa L. genus are of special interest for studies because they are spring xerophytic bulbous ephemeroid plants with very short vegetation period and with pronounced reaction to environmental changes (Khodorova and Boitel-Conti, 2013)
Representatives of the Tulipa L. genus are of special interest for studies because they are spring xerophytic bulbous ephemeroid plants with very short vegetation period and with pronounced reaction to environmental changes (Khodorova and Boitel-Conti, 2013).The Tulipa L. genus includes 83 species according to Botschantzeva and Varekamp (1982) and 76 species according to Christenhusz et al (2013); they spread across the regions of Europe, Asia and Northern Africa with temperate climate
The aim of this work was to study the reproductive biology of T. kaufmanniana under the conditions of West Siberia during the species introduction either by seeds or embryo culture in order to develop the strategy of the species conservation ex vivo
Summary
Representatives of the Tulipa L. genus are of special interest for studies because they are spring xerophytic bulbous ephemeroid plants with very short vegetation period and with pronounced reaction to environmental changes (Khodorova and Boitel-Conti, 2013). The Tulipa L. genus includes 83 species according to Botschantzeva and Varekamp (1982) and 76 species according to Christenhusz et al (2013); they spread across the regions of Europe, Asia and Northern Africa with temperate climate. The largest number of species concentrated in Middle Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan) was evaluated as 63 (Botschantzeva and Varekamp, 1982) or as 46 species, according to Christenhusz with co-workers (2013). T. kaufmanniana is among threatened and endemic species originated in Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai mountainous regions due to isolation (The Red Data Book, 2019). There is only scarce information about the adaptation potential of tulip species, which can be useful for the development and introduction of populations (Voronin, 1987; Kashin et al, 2016)
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