Abstract
This chapter proposes an optimization framework for dynamic planning of sizing and siting of energy storage systems (ESSs) in an AC microgrid (MG) in the presence of different kinds of distributed generators. Considering the high capital cost of ESS units, it is an economical way to invest ESS capacities according to each year situation. An AC optimal power flow is formulated as mixed-integer nonlinear programming with the objective of minimizing the total operational cost of the MG and the investment cost of the ESS. Three case studies are considered. An optimal power flow calculation without ESS and demand response program (DRP) has been done in case 1 to create a baseline for comparison. In other cases, the optimal sizing and siting of ESS have been done for each year of the planning horizon, where the effects of DRP on the ESS allocation problem are studied in the last case.
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