Abstract
This paper presents an empirical verification of the measurement of baseline characteristics for fostering regional resilience. A set of indicators was selected from previous studies of disaster resilience, and an environmental element was added. The aims of the study were (1) to select a set of indicators that could be used for measuring disaster resilience, based on a review of the research literature, (2) to evaluate these indicators using the statistical approach of standardization, and to visualize the results using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, and (3) to identify the key resilience characteristics using principal component analysis (PCA). The study focused on 29 municipalities in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. From the literature review, a total of 17 disaster resilience indicators were selected, covering economic, social, and community connection factors. The novel environmental attributes were selected from the literature on environmental sustainability. The standardized measures demonstrated that municipalities with a high level of resilience were also ranked highly on both the “social” and “community connection” attributes. The GIS mapping resulted a prominent urban-suburban divide, with urban areas having a lower level of resilience than suburban areas. The PCA demonstrated significant variation across the 29 municipalities, characterized by the factors “living standard” and “regional involvement.” An understanding of these baseline characteristics would allow governments to monitor chronological changes in the resilience of specific regions. This information can be used to support the establishment of an evaluation platform, and can contribute to a more systematic management of resilience.
Highlights
There is enormous national interest in disaster resilience as an approach to the mitigation of external stresses placed on a community (Cutter, Burton, & Emrich, 2010)
Based on a review of existing indicators, this study proposed a holistic set of variables for the measurement of disaster resilience
We introduced a novel environmental attribute element, to reflect the original concept of ecological resilience
Summary
There is enormous national interest in disaster resilience as an approach to the mitigation of external stresses placed on a community (Cutter, Burton, & Emrich, 2010). A recent disaster, the Great Eastern Japan earthquake of March 2011, increased the motivation to reconsider risk management (Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan, 2016) This disaster caused damage that exceeded national expectations, and accentuated the need for an improved understanding of system resilience. To support the creation of a stronger and more flexible country, Japan enacted the 2013 “Basic Act for National Resilience Contributing to Preventing and Mitigating Disasters for Developing Resilience in the Lives of the Citizenry (BANR).”. This placed the responsibility for measuring national resilience in a comprehensive and systematic manner on the national government (BANR, 2013). Resilience is still at a conceptual stage, in understanding ways of addressing external stresses, and there is a need to move from a purely theoretical understanding to actual applications in real-world settings
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