Abstract
The aim of this paper is to introduce clinical psychologists to the subject of tinnitus (ringing in the ears). An overview of the audiological and psychological characteristics of tinnitus is provided, followed by a guide to the interviewing and assessment of people who present with tinnitus. It is suggested that assessment should particularly focus on the content of cognitions, the emotional reactions to tinnitus, stressful life events or daily hassles, suicidal thoughts and behaviours, and sleep disturbance. The principal types of cognitive-behavioural interventions for the reduction of tinnitus-related distress are described, including cognitive restructuring, attention control and relaxation training. The outcomes obtained in controlled studies are briefly surveyed. It is concluded that cognitive-behavioural interventions have considerable promise for clients who experience severe, unrelenting tinnitus.
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