Abstract
Objective cognitive dysfunction has been commonly found in patients with insomnia, such as attention, memory, speed of information processing, and executive functions. Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs), P50, mismatch negativity (MMN) can meet varied need and estimate such different cognitive dysfunction. Thus, we can examine whether insomnia is associated with different cognitive dysfunction by such multiple event-related potential (ERP) tasks. Methods we used polysomnography (PSG) to record such objective PSG parameters. ASSR, P50, and MMN were performed in sequence, different ERP components have been analyzed such as latency or amplitude between insomnia group and control group. And we chosed person correlation to make correlation analysis between different ERP components and gender, education, and sleep characteristics. Results there is a significant gender difference of ASSR latency found in insomnia group, and the similar result has been found in suppression ratio of amplitudes (S2:S1) for P50. Additionally, a significant correlation between sleep characteristics and ASSR, P50 has been found. Furthermore, there was a significant difference of MMN latency between insomnia and control group, and between sleep characteristics and varied MMN parameters as latency and amplitude. Discussion our results suggested robust electrophysiological abnormalities as ASSR, P50, and MMN in insomnia patients. Such abnormalities included gender difference, education difference, difference in depressive tendency, and difference in sleep parameters. That results revealed varied cognitive dysfunction involving inputs and processing in insomnia patients. And at the same time, we have also explored the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying the cognitive dysfunction with such different ERP tasks.
Highlights
Insomnia is a kind of sleep disorder syndrome, in which the physiological needs of individuals are not met due to insufficient sleep time or poor sleep quality, which in turn significantly affects activities during the day (Coolidge and Segal, 1998)
The following questions are intended to be answered: Firstly, whether different parameters in event-related potential (ERP) measures as amplitudes or frequencies were distinguished differently between patients with insomnia and controls; Secondly, whether ERP measures are correlated with clinical variables such as psychotic symptoms, insomnia severity, and sleep quality; and whether cognitive dysfunction in patients with insomnia is correlated with specific brain regions
The latency or amplitude of P50 located in right temporal parietal lobe (TP8, P4) was correlated with sleep characteristics, such as the latency of S1 located in TP8 was correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI) (r = −0.482) and the amplitude of S1or S2/S1 located in TP8 was correlated with heart rate and rapid eye movement (REM), respectively (r = −0.37, r = −0.479)
Summary
Insomnia is a kind of sleep disorder syndrome, in which the physiological needs of individuals are not met due to insufficient sleep time or poor sleep quality, which in turn significantly affects activities during the day (Coolidge and Segal, 1998). The aim of our study was to examine whether insomnia is associated with different cognitive dysfunctions (detected by ASSRs, P50, and MMN) and whether different ERPs would detect similar cognitive dysfunction. Under this situation, the following questions are intended to be answered: Firstly, whether different parameters in ERP measures as amplitudes or frequencies were distinguished differently between patients with insomnia and controls; Secondly, whether ERP measures are correlated with clinical variables such as psychotic symptoms, insomnia severity, and sleep quality; and whether cognitive dysfunction in patients with insomnia is correlated with specific brain regions
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