Abstract

The efficiency of the Willard and Winter steam distillation of fluoride can be improved by using sulphuric or phosphoric acid instead of perchloric acid solutions. However, sulphate and phosphate must be kept out of the distillate, for they interfere in many methods of determination, including the commonly-used thorium nitrate titration. A newly-designed apparatus is described which permits close control of the distillation, and rapid and complete recovery of fluorine, free from significant amounts of sulphate or phosphate. Procedures are outlined whereby fluorine can be quantitatively recovered from silicate rocks and minerals and easily determined with precision and accuracy.

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