Abstract
There are various methods to generate nanobubbles, and in this study, we experimented using a nanobubble generator with a high-density of stainless steel mesh nozzle to deliver nanobubble water (normal water and two kinds of mouthwash) stream through a tooth tray to clean bacteria coated on the denture. It showed that with various combinations of motor speed settings and pore diameters, a clearing rate of 95% or more could be achieved, while in some combinations, a clearing rate of 100% was possible. This confirmed the plaque removing the function of the nanobubble water streams. The motor speed setting of the nanobubble generator directly influenced the flow velocity and nanobubble diameter of the water stream. However, the nanobubble dimensions were found to have a significant impact on plaque removal. The bubble diameters and plaque removal efficacy were as follows: the smaller the diameter, the slower the flow velocity and the better the plaque removal. The nanobubble formation of mouthwash was better on plaque removal, compared with the soaking method. From these results, we theorized that plaque removal is influenced by the dimension of nanobubbles; smaller bubble diameter led to improved plaque removal efficacy.
Highlights
Differences in personal hygiene and dietary habits contributed to the many different bacteria strains in the oral cavity. e Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD, http://www.homd.org) shows that the current information on the dental plaque has listed more than 25,000 bacteria strains in the oral cavity [3], and up to 10,000 different bacteria may exist in the mouth of just one individual [4]
We proposed using a nanobubble generator outfitted with a high density of stainless steel mesh nozzle that is connected to a teeth tray to clean dental plaque bacteria on the denture
Our results showed that in all experimental combinations of motor speed settings and three different types of water, dental plaque removal efficacy of about an average 95% or more was achieved, and in some combinations up to 100% removal efficacy was achieved, which validated the plaque removal capability of the nanobubbles
Summary
Differences in personal hygiene and dietary habits contributed to the many different bacteria strains in the oral cavity. e Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD, http://www.homd.org) shows that the current information on the dental plaque has listed more than 25,000 bacteria strains in the oral cavity [3], and up to 10,000 different bacteria may exist in the mouth of just one individual [4]. E bacteria on the surface of the teeth and mucosa grow on the nutrients from the saliva; sufficient nutrients will result in elevated bacteria on the dental surface, forming dental plaques and hampering dental and gingival hygiene. When the bacteria are sufficiently nourished, they flourish on the surface of the tooth and form dental plaques [5]. Microscopic observation showed that such methods could achieve effective plaque removal, but since the dental structures of the oral cavity are complex, this study did not propose a viable solution for cleaning real teeth or dentures [9]. We aimed to investigate whether nanobubbles generated by the device are able to clean the plaques from the denture and to know the different types of water (including 2 different mouthwash brands) in soaking way and nanobubble formation and whether they have different effects on plaque removal
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
