The APOE E4 Allele Is Associated with FasterRates of Neuroretinal Thinning in a Prospective Cohort Study of Suspect and Early Glaucoma.

Abstract

PurposeTo investigate the association between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 dementia-risk allele and prospective longitudinal retinal thinning in a cohort study of suspect and early manifest glaucoma.DesignRetrospective analysis of prospective cohort data.ParticipantsThis study included all available eyes from participants recruited to the Progression Risk of Glaucoma: Relevant SNPs [single nucleotide polymorphisms] with Significant Association (PROGRESSA) study with genotyping data from which APOE genotypes could be determined.MethodsApolipoprotein E alleles and genotypes were determined in PROGRESSA, and their distributions were compared with an age-matched and ancestrally matched normative cohort, the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Structural parameters of neuroretinal atrophy measured using spectral-domain OCT were compared within the PROGRESSA cohort on the basis of APOE E4 allele status.Main Outcome MeasuresLongitudinal rates of thinning in the macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) complex and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL).ResultsRates of mGCIPL complex thinning were faster in participants harboring ≥1 copies of the APOE E4 allele (β = –0.13 μm/year; P ≤0.001). This finding was strongest in eyes affected by normal-tension glaucoma (NTG; β = –0.20 μm/year; P = 0.003). Apolipoprotein E E4 allele carriers were also more likely to be lost to follow-up (P = 0.01) and to demonstrate a thinner average mGCIPL complex (70.9 μm vs. 71.9 μm; P = 0.011) and pRNFL (77.6 μm vs. 79.2 μm; P = 0.045) after a minimum of 3 years of monitoring.ConclusionsThe APOE E4 allele was associated with faster rates of mCGIPL complex thinning, particularly in eyes with NTG. These results suggest that the APOE E4 allele may be a risk factor for retinal ganglion cell degeneration in glaucoma.