Abstract
The red macroalga Gelidium latifolium is widely distributed in the coastal areas of Indonesia. However, current knowledge on its potential biological activities is still limited. In this study, we investigated the potential bioactive compounds in Gelidium latifolium ethanol extract (GLE), and its cytotoxic effects against the murine B16-F10 melanoma cell line. GLE shows high total phenolic content (107.06 ± 17.42 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (151.77 ± 3.45 mg QE/g), which potentially contribute to its potential antioxidant activity (DPPH = 650.42 ± 2.01 µg/mL; ABTS = 557.01 ± 1.94 µg/mL). ESI-HR-TOF-MS analysis revealed large absorption in the [M-H]- of 327.2339 m/z, corresponding to the monoisotopic molecular mass of brassicolene. The presence of this compound potentially contributes to GLE’s cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 84.29 ± 1.93 µg/mL). Furthermore, GLE significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells (66.83 ± 3.06%) compared to controls (18.83 ± 3.76%). Apoptosis was also confirmed by changes in the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (i.e., p53, Bax, Bak, and Bcl2). Downregulated expression of Bcl2 indicates an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Current results suggest that components of Gelidium latifolium should be further investigated as possible sources of novel antitumor drugs.
Highlights
IntroductionMalignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and currently accounts for approximately 3% of all cases of malignant tumors [1]
We evaluated the phytochemical constituents of Gelidium latifolium ethanol extract (GLE) and its antiproliferative effect against melanoma cells using murine B16-F10 cells as a melanoma cell model
A previous study by Chakraborty et al reported that the methanolic extracts of H. musciformis, H. valentiae, and J. rubens had total flavonoid content (TFC) above 2 mg/mL [46]
Summary
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and currently accounts for approximately 3% of all cases of malignant tumors [1]. The most common carcinogen responsible for the development of melanoma is ultraviolet radiation (UVR) [2]. The global incidence of melanoma is increasing due to the increase in UVR reaching the. Melanoma, as with other types of cancer, is mainly treated with radiation or chemotherapy. The main problems with these treatments include severe adverse effects and the development of multidrug resistance [4]. Various phytochemicals obtained from natural resources have been extensively investigated for
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
