The Antioxidant Role of One-Carbon Metabolism on Stroke.

Kassidy Burgess,Hannah Mosnier,Neha Kwatra,Nafisa M Jadavji,Calli Bennett,Forrest Bethel

doi:10.3390/antiox9111141

Kassidy Burgess, Hannah Mosnier + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111141

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Abstract

One-carbon (1C) metabolism is a metabolic network that is centered on folate, a B vitamin; it integrates nutritional signals with biosynthesis, redox homeostasis, and epigenetics. This metabolic pathway also reduces levels of homocysteine, a non-protein amino acid. High levels of homocysteine are linked to increased risk of hypoxic events, such as stroke. Several preclinical studies have suggested that 1C metabolism can impact stroke outcome, but the clinical data are unclear. The objective of this paper was to review preclinical and clinical research to determine whether 1C metabolism has an antioxidant role on stroke. To accomplish the objective, we searched for publications using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) keywords: antioxidants, hypoxia, stroke, homocysteine, one-carbon metabolism, folate, methionine, and dietary supplementation of one-carbon metabolism. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies were retrieved and reviewed. Our review of the literature suggests that deficiencies in 1C play an important role in the onset and outcome of stroke. Dietary supplementation of 1C provides beneficial effects on stroke outcome. For stroke-affected patients or individuals at high risk for stroke, the data suggest that nutritional modifications in addition to other therapies could be incorporated into a treatment plan.

Highlights

The objective of this paper is to review preclinical and clinical research to determine whether one-carbon metabolism has an antioxidant impact on stroke
The in vivo model system studies reviewed in this manuscript used males, the impact of deficiencies in 1C metabolism on stroke in females remains relatively unknown
Women are affected by cardiovascular disease [89], model system studies need to include both sexes in future studies

Summary

Introduction

It plays an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, stress resistance, and embryonic development [1]. Other vitamins involved in 1C include vitamin B12 and the nutrient choline. Choline is involved in acetylcholine synthesis and lipid metabolism. Folate and choline metabolism are tightly linked. 1C plays an essential role in nucleotide synthesis of purines, removal of uracil from DNA, and methylation, through the metabolism of homocysteine and generation of S-adenosylmethionine. Homocysteine can be metabolized by being pulled into the transsulfuration pathway to generate glutathione

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