Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a bipyridylium herbicide; applied around trees in orchards and between crop rows to control broad-leaved and grassy weeds. Its oxidation results in the formation of superoxides which causes damage to cellular components. In this study, we determined the antioxidant effect vitamin C has on the liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), alanine aminotranferease (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)] of rats under this toxic insult. Male rats in groups (A, B, C and D) were intraperitoneally injected with different sublethal increasing doses (0, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 g/kg body weigh) of PQ respectively on monthly basis. Subsequently, the subgroups (A2, B2, C2 and D2) were given orally, 200 mg/L vitamin C, while the subgroups A1, B1, C1, and D1, received only water. Four animals per subgroup were decapitated on monthly basis and blood samples taken for enzyme assay. The parameters studied were - SGOT, SGPT, ALP and GGT - liver enzymes. The dose and time dependent PQ toxicity effect resulted in highly elevated Liver enzymes activities. The subgroups on vitamin C had significantly lower enzyme activities when compared to the same subgroups on only PQ insult. But the values were high when compared to the control subgroups (A1 and A2). These results were indication that vitamin C when given at moderate doses and maintained for a longer period could be a life saving adjunct to toxic insult.
Highlights
Rivers State, Nigeria, were fed ad libitum with site reaction
All the subgroups had 12 animals each with A1 and A2 being the control subgroups that received no Paraquat, A2, B2, C2 and D2 were placed on vitamin C – they were made to drink from water bottles with glass sipper tubes that contained vitamin c solution (200 mg/L), A1, B1, C1 and D1 were the subgroups that received ordinary drinking water with negligible vitamin C con
Results groups had lower alkaline c phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity values relation to the increase in dose of the toxicant than the subgroups under the same PQ insult (PQ) at P≤0.001, and this relationship continonly (B2
Summary
Rivers State, Nigeria, were fed ad libitum with site reaction. The subgrouped animals were animal pelletized finisher feed with negligible designated into: i) for non vitamin C treatment; vitamin c content, and allowed to acclimatize for and ii) for vitamin C treatment as indicated in Paraquat (PQ), a bipyridylium herbicide two weeks in metabolic cages before the com- Table 1.that is effective as non-selective herbicide mencement of the study.This study was conducted under eight sub- [page 24][Journal of Xenobiotics 2013; 3:e5]Article groups (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2). The subgrouped animals were animal pelletized finisher feed with negligible designated into: i) for non vitamin C treatment; vitamin c content, and allowed to acclimatize for and ii) for vitamin C treatment as indicated in Paraquat (PQ), a bipyridylium herbicide two weeks in metabolic cages before the com- Table 1. That is effective as non-selective herbicide mencement of the study. All the subgroups had 12 animals each with A1 and A2 being the control subgroups that received no Paraquat, A2, B2, C2 and D2 were placed on vitamin C – they were made to drink from water bottles with glass sipper tubes that contained vitamin c solution (200 mg/L), A1, B1, C1 and D1 were the subgroups that received ordinary drinking water with negligible vitamin C con-. Animal care research that The Nigerian Institutional and National Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals were followed
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