The antifouling efficacy of crude extracts isolated from mollusc species (Paratapes textilis)

Abstract

Mollusca represent the second-largest animal phylum in the marine realm. In the present study, antifouling activity of different extracts isolated from Mollusc species Paratapes textilis was investigated. The shell acid insoluble matrix (SAIM), crude meat extract (CME), protein extract of mussel meat (PME), lipid extract of mussel meat (LME), and carbohydrates extract of mussel meat (GME) were added by small amounts (2% w/w) to the marine paint formulations. These marine paint formulations was immersed in the Eastern Harbor for 199 days beside the negative control (paint composition without any active materials) and commercial marine paint SIPES as positive control. The results showed that the prepared antifouling paint formulations could resist algal formations on coated panels. The best result was obtained for steel panel coated with the paint formulation containing CME as it showed less than 5% of fouling organisms at the end of study period (199 days). On GC-MS spectrum, CME revealed three major compounds of 47 components, 15-methyltricyclo[6.5.2(13,14).0(7,15)]pentadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13-heptene, 1,4-benzenediol,2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-(2-propenyl)-, and 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-(3″-T-butyl)benzodioxepine, accounting for 16.1% of total extract composition. The slightly increase of fouling organisms on steel panels coated with other paint formulations ranged from 10% (GME) to 50% (SAIM and PME) compared to negative control (55%) and positive control (97%) after 199 days of panels immersion. Therefore, CME showed effective results against fouling organisms after 199 days of panels immersion in the Eastern Harbor compared to positive control based on ANOVA analysis despite the eutrophic condition observed in this area.