Abstract
Introduction Today, one of the most important challenges of the therapeutic system is the resistance of bacteria against different antibiotics especially in intensive care units which lead to an increase in hospitalization time and the patients’ expenses. Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most significant contaminating bacteria in intensive care units which has exhibited resistance against different antibiotics in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergism effect of the silver nanoparticles with the shallot and nettle alcoholic extracts against the standard and multidrug resistant A. baumannii isolates. Materials and Methods Samples were collected from intensive care units and the A. baumannii isolates were identified using biochemical tests. Then, the antibiogram test was carried out for each isolate. The antibacterial effect of nanoparticles, shallot and nettle extracts was evaluated singularly and in combination with each other against standard and resistant A. baumannii isolates. Measuring the diameter of inhibited growth zone, MIC, MBC and checkerboard tests were conducted for each isolate. Results The results showed that the silver nanoparticles, shallot and nettle alcoholic extracts each had antibacterial property against the standard and resistant A. baumannii isolates. The mixture of the nettle extract with silver nanoparticles had a synergism effect against the standard and resistant isolates and the mixture of the shallot extract with silver nanoparticles had an additive effect against A. baumannii isolates. Conclusions Due to the increase of antibiotics resistance and the resistance to the pathogenic bacteria especially in intensive care units, it is necessary to find effective and accessible substances to destroy the resistant bacteria and reduce the mortality rate of patients. The results of the present study revealed that the antibacterial property of the shallot and the nettle alcoholic extracts could increase the antibacterial property of the silver nanoparticles. As a result, these can be used for disinfecting different wards of a hospital, in particular, the intensive care units.
Highlights
Today, one of the most important challenges of the therapeutic system is the resistance of bacteria against different antibiotics especially in intensive care units which lead to an increase in hospitalization time and the patients’ expenses
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of the shallot and nettle alcoholic extracts in combination with the silver nanoparticles against the standard and resistant A. baumannii isolates
The results indicated that the shallot extract had an antibacterial effect against both standard and resistant A. baumannii it had a better effect on standard isolate
Summary
One of the most important challenges of the therapeutic system is the resistance of bacteria against different antibiotics especially in intensive care units which lead to an increase in hospitalization time and the patients’ expenses. The results of the present study revealed that the antibacterial property of the shallot and the nettle alcoholic extracts could increase the antibacterial property of the silver nanoparticles As a result, these can be used for disinfecting different wards of a hospital, in particular, the intensive care units. The extensive consumption of antibiotics has undesired effects on hosts including high sensitivity, suppressing the immune system, and the allergic reactions in addition to making bacteria resistant.[1,2] The problems raised by resistant bacteria have caused several challenges in the therapeutic system.[2] Nowadays, the spread of Gram-negative pathogens resistant to drugs in hospitals has become a great problem, and is rising in many countrie.[3] Acinetobacter is one of these pathogens which are found in different wards of hospitals, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Acinetobacter is one important reason for pneumonia and blood infections in the ICU.[5,6,7] Currently, it is necessary to find some stronger and more effective antibacterial substance against multi-drug resistant bacteria.[2]
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