Abstract
BackgroundThe current antimicrobial therapy is still important for the treatment of pneumonia due to MRSA infection, but there are some limitations, including the route of administration, side effect profile, and increased microbial resistance patterns. Therefore, we investigated whether BV, which shows a strong antimicrobial effect against MRSA, would be effective in a pneumonia model.MethodsIn vitro, we checked MIC, qRT-PCR, western blot, ELISA, LDH-assay. In vivo, we checked survival rate, gross pathological change, histopathology, lung bacterial clearance assay, and the expression of inflammatory related gene.ResultsThe minimum inhibitory concentration of BV against MRSA is 15.6 μg/ml by broth dilution method. The production of toxins and related gene were reduced by BV in MRSA. The secretion of cytokines were decreased by treatment with BV in 264.7 RAW macrophages stimulated by MRSA Also, BV protected A549 from pathogenicity of MRSA. Bee venom reduced the number of bacteria in the lungs and alleviated the symptoms of MRSA-induced pneumonia in mouse.ConclusionBV inhibited the virulence of the bacterium and the number of bacterial cells present in lung tissue, thereby alleviating the symptoms of pneumonia in mice. This study suggested that BV may be a candidate substance for the treatment of pneumonia caused by MRSA infection.
Highlights
The current antimicrobial therapy is still important for the treatment of pneumonia due to MRSA infection, but there are some limitations, including the route of administration, side effect profile, and increased microbial resistance patterns
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Bee venom (BV) was almost similar to that of LZD, a strong antibiotic used to treat MRSA. This results showed that BV have antibacterial activity against MRSA
The inhibition effect of BV against toxins production and related gene of MRSA Expression of the hla and agrA genes, related to αhemolysin was confirmed by qRT–PCR
Summary
The current antimicrobial therapy is still important for the treatment of pneumonia due to MRSA infection, but there are some limitations, including the route of administration, side effect profile, and increased microbial resistance patterns. The main cause of MRSA-induced pneumonia is toxin. The αhemolysin, a member of the β-barrel pore-forming toxin family, is the major virulence factor secreted by strains of S. aureus [2]. Kong et al BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2020) 20:238 positively affects the hla expression via both agrdependent and agr-independent pathways. The complex transcriptional profile of sae activation is influenced by agr, as well as by certain environmental stimuli, and may be influenced by sigma factor B (sigB) [4]
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