Abstract
Aqueous extracts from the stem barks of Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkm, Acacia mellifera (Vahl.) Benth. and Melia azedarach L. were evaluated for in vivo antiviral activity in Balb/C mice following a cutaneous wild type strain 7401H herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. A significant therapeutic effect was observed when the infected mice were orally treated with the extracts of Prunus africana and Acacia mellifera at a dose of 500 mg/kg. A delayed onset of skin lesions, slowed progression of infection and a prolonged mean survival time was expressed as opposed to the untreated infected control (p ≤0.05). Treatment with the Melia azedarach extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg was acutely toxic to mice, however a reasonable antiviral activity was exhibited at a lower dose of 250 mg/kg. No acute toxicity was presented in mice treated with P. africana and A. mellifera at the therapeutic dose. The results suggest the presence of anti-HSV agents in these medicinal plant extracts that can be exploited as possible antivirals. Keywords : Prunus africana, Acacia mellifera, Melia azedarach , HSV-1, antiviral activity, medicinal plants Journal of Tropical Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2(1) 2006: 3-9
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