Abstract
Spray-dried preparations from porcine and bovine plasma can alleviate mucosal inflammation in experimental models and improve symptoms in patients with enteropathy. In rodents, dietary supplementation with porcine spray-dried plasma (SDP) attenuates intestinal inflammation and improves the epithelial barrier function during intestinal inflammation induced by Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB). The aim of this study was to discern the molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of SDP. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with 8% SDP or control diet (based on milk proteins) for two weeks, from weaning until day 33. On day 32, the mice were given a SEB dose (i.p., 25 µg/mouse) or vehicle. SEB administration increased cell recruitment to mesenteric lymph nodes and the percentage of activated Th lymphocytes and SDP prevented these effects). SDP supplementation increased the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) or transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) compared to the SEB group. The SEB challenge increased six-fold the expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1); and these effects were attenuated by SDP supplementation. SEB also augmented NF-κB phosphorylation, an effect that was prevented by dietary SDP. Our results indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of SDP involve the regulation of transcription factors and adhesion molecules that reduce intestinal cell infiltration and the degree of the inflammatory response.
Highlights
Stress, xenobiotics, food components, environmental toxins or changes in the microbiota may trigger intestinal inflammation, which involves increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.This inflammatory syndrome may be worsened by the genetic susceptibility of exposed individuals, as observed in patients suffering inflammatory bowel diseases [1]
The S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) challenge increased six-fold the expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1); and these effects were attenuated by Spray-dried plasma (SDP) supplementation
On day 32, mice were administered with the S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB; 25 μg i.p./mice; Toxin Technology, Sarasota, FL, USA) or vehicle, and 24 h later, mice were anesthetized by i.p. administration of ketamine (90 mg/Kg; Imalgene®, Rhone Mèrieux, Lyon, France) and xilacine
Summary
Xenobiotics, food components, environmental toxins or changes in the microbiota may trigger intestinal inflammation, which involves increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This inflammatory syndrome may be worsened by the genetic susceptibility of exposed individuals, as observed in patients suffering inflammatory bowel diseases [1]. Dietary supplements prepared from functional proteins derived from foodstuffs [5], from bovine colostrum or milk [6], and from porcine or bovine animal plasma [7,8,9], have all been demonstrated to be effective in the amelioration and even prevention of inflammation in numerous experimental models. Recent evidence indicates that functional protein supplements can be useful in the clinical management of patients with enteropathy (reviewed by [10])
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