Abstract
Although gastroenteritis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) occur in the gastrointestinal tract and pelvis, respectively, they display similar pathogeneses. The incidence of inflammation in these conditions is usually associated with dysbacteriosis, and, at times, they are caused by the same pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus. Feiyangchangweiyan capsule (FYC) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine that is widely used to treat bacterial dysentery and acute and chronic gastroenteritis. However, whether it has an effect on PID is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of FYC and its main components, gallic acid (GA), ellagic acid (EA), and syringin (SY), on a pathogen-induced PID model and illustrate their potential mechanism of action. Female specific pathogen-free SD rats (n = 1110) were randomly divided into control, PID, FYC, GA, EA, SY, GA + EA, GA + SY, EA + SY, GA + EA + SY, and Fuke Qianjin capsule (FKC) positive groups. Histological examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were carried out as well as western blot analysis to detect the expression of NF-κB, BAX, BCL-2, and JNK. In this study, FYC and its main components dramatically suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells, reduced the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1, and elevated the IL-10 level to varying degrees. We also found that FYC and its main components inhibited the expression of BAX induced by infection and increased the expression of Bcl-2. FYC, GA, EA, and SY could also block the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Finally, we found that the phosphorylation of JNK could be decreased by FYC, GA, and SY. FYC and its main components exhibit anti-inflammatory effect on a pathogen-induced PID model by regulating the NF-κB and apoptosis signaling pathways.
Highlights
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the most frequently observed disorder of the female upper genital tract due to pathogens [1]
Many pathogenic microorganisms have been implicated in this disorder including the sexually transmitted bacteria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, and the increase in vaginal flora such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Streptococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli [2, 3]
We found no obvious changes in the uterine horns in the control group; in the PID group, the uteri showed different degrees of lesion with uterine enlargement, hyperemia, white pus within the uterine cavity, and uterine wall thickening
Summary
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the most frequently observed disorder of the female upper genital tract due to pathogens [1]. There are no evident initial PID symptoms in patients; as time progresses, the disorder becomes recurrent or chronic, and its sequelae of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain serve as important public health issues [4, 5]. The consequences of PID can be severe and treatment delay may contribute to the chance of infertility [6, 7]. Antibiotic therapies are the first choice of treatment for PID, but when used on a regular basis, they increase the likelihood of antibiotic resistance. It is necessary to develop new complementary and alternative medicine to treat PID
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