Abstract
SUMMARY: Ecological work carried out on the Antarctic and Magellan shelves since the first IBMANT conference held at the UMAG, Punta Arenas in 1997 is summarized to identify areas where progress has been made and others, where important gaps have remained in understanding past and present interaction between the Antarctic and the southern tip of South America. This information is complementary to a review on shallow-water work along the Scotia Arc (Barnes, 2005) and recent work done in the deep sea (Brandt and Hilbig, 2004). While principally referring to shipboard work in deeper water, above all during the recent international EASIZ and LAMPOS campaigns, relevant work from shore stations is also included. Six years after the first IBMANT symposium, significant progress has been made along the latitudinal gradient from the Magellan region to the high Antarctic in the fields of biodiversity, biogeography and community structure, life strategies and adaptations, the role of disturbance and its significance for biodiversity, and trophic coupling of the benthic realm with the water column and sea ice. A better understanding has developed of the role of evolutionary and ecological factors in shaping past and present-day environmental conditions, species composition and distribution, and ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, the science community engaged in unravelling Antarctic-Magellan interactions has advanced in methodological aspects such as new analytical approaches for comparing biodiversity derived from visual methods, growth and age determination, trophic modelling using stable isotope ratios, and molecular approaches for taxonomic and phylogenetic purposes. At the same time, much effort has been invested to complement the species inventory of the two adjacent regions. However, much work remains to be done to fill the numerous gaps. Some perspectives are outlined in this review, and suggestions are made where particular emphasis should be placed in future work, much of which will be developed in the frame of SCAR’s EBA (Evolution and Biodiversity in the Antarctic) programme.
Highlights
Present address– Las investigaciones ecológicas llevadas a cabo en la plataforma antártica y de Magallanes, desde la primera reunión del IBMANT en Punta Arenas en el año 1997, se resumen en este trabajo, con el fin de identificar las áreas en que se han realizado progresos considerables, así como aquellas en las que aún quedan muchos aspectos por cubrir para poder comprender tanto el pasado como el presente de las interacciones entre las áreas antárticas y el “Cono Sur” de Sudamérica
Macrobenthic research is just one major topic in the frame of the IBMANT (Biological Interactions between the Magellan Region and the Antarctic) approach, which encompasses the outcome of 40Ma of evolution in these last fractions of the Gondwana continent (Crame, 1999)
The science community engaged in unravelling Antarctic-Magellan interactions has advanced in methodological aspects such as new analytical approaches for comparing biodiversity derived from visual methods, growth and age determination, trophic modelling using stable isotope ratios, and molecular approaches for taxonomic and phylogenetic purposes
Summary
– Las investigaciones ecológicas llevadas a cabo en la plataforma antártica y de Magallanes, desde la primera reunión del IBMANT en Punta Arenas en el año 1997, se resumen en este trabajo, con el fin de identificar las áreas en que se han realizado progresos considerables, así como aquellas en las que aún quedan muchos aspectos por cubrir para poder comprender tanto el pasado como el presente de las interacciones entre las áreas antárticas y el “Cono Sur” de Sudamérica. Además de los avances por parte de la comunidad científica en el conocimiento de las interacciones entre estas dos regiones geográficas, son numerosos los progresos que se han producido a nivel metodológico, como por ejemplo nuevas aproximaciones analíticas para comparar la diversidad entre zonas a partir de análisis de imágenes, determinación de crecimiento y edad, modelaje trófico empleando los valores de las proporciones de determinados isótopos estables, así como el trabajo con métodos moleculares con aplicaciones taxonómicas y filogenéticas. Palabras clave: macrobentos, Antártida, región magallánica, biodiversidad, biogeografía, ecología, evolución, perturbación
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