Abstract
Summary In 1975/76, Germany resurrected its scientific interest in Antarctic marine biological research after it had ceased at the end of the 1930s. The first field campaign was carried out on board FRV ‘Walther Herwig’ (II) by the Federal Research Board of Fisheries in Hamburg in cooperation with the Institute of Marine Research at Kiel University. At that time the main objective was the search for freely accessible, and hardly exploited marine living resources. A commercial krill fishery had just started in the Antarctic, but was developing rapidly. Therefore, very soon it became necessary to integrate this research in international programmes. The multinational BIOMASS programme (Biological Investigations on Marine Antarctic Systems and Stocks) was founded in 1980. Its central focus was nothing less than to accomplish a first population census for krill in the South Atlantic.
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