Abstract
Certain peaks appearing on ionograms are interpreted as the result of a stratification between F1 and F2 and often designated F1·5. Frequent sampling shows that the cusps on the ordinary and extraordinary traces appear separated in time, which suggests that F1·5 is not a true layer stratification but is the result of distortion of the region due to a travelling disturbance. The similarity in the seasonal variation of the two phenomena supports this. Appearance of F1·5 on eclipse records may also be due to horizontal gradients of ionization rather than a true stratification. It is shown that ƒ 0F1 is probably often confused with ƒ 0F 1·5 and that similar ambiguities may occur when anomalous peaks are introduced into ionograms by travelling disturbances in F2-region. Procedures are recommended for interpreting ionograms when additional stratifications are evident in F-region.
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